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2014年考研英语语法复习指导之情态动词

2013-04-19 00:00:00来源:网络
  注意情态动词完成式的用法有两方面的含义:
  1.表示已经发生的情况
  (1)must have +过去分词,表示对已发生情况的肯定推测,译为"(昨天)一定……"。如:
  My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: "Are you feeling all right?"
  (2)cant/couldn't have +过去分词,表示对已发生情况的否定推测,译为"(昨天)一定没……"。 如:
  Mary couldn't have received my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
  (3)may/might have +过去分词,表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测,或事实上根本没发生,译为"也许……"。如:
  At Florida Power's Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.
  2.表示虚拟语气
  (1)needn't have+过去分词,表示做了不必做的事,译为"其实没必要……"。如:
  As it turned out to be a small house party, we needn't have dressed up so formally.
  (2)should /should not have +过去分词,表示应该做某事但实际上未做,或本不应该做但实际上做了, 译为"本(不)应该……"。如:
  I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.
  (3)ought to have+过去分词,表示动作按理该发生了,但实际上未发生,译为"该……",与should的完成式含义类似。如:
  The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.
  (4)could have+过去分词,表示过去本来可以做但却未做,译为"完全可以……"。如:
  What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.
  (5)may/might have + 过去分词,表示过去可以做但实际未做,译为"(那样)也许会……"。如:
  It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers.

本文关键字: 2014年考研英语语法

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