考研优美英语作文背诵008

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The Definition of "Price"

Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means bywhich products and services that are in limited supply are rationedamong buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex networkcomposed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationshipsof all these prices make up the"system" of prices. The price ofany particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system ofprices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everythingelse. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define "price", many would reply that price isan amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or serviceor, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a markettransaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For acomplete understanding of a price in any particular transaction,much more than the amount of money involved must be known.Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the moneyamount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to beexchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and paymentwill be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts thatapply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, deliveryterms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyerand seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprisethe total "package" being exchanged for the asked-foramount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.
　　全文翻译：
"价格"的定义 价格决定资源的使用方式。 价格也是有限的产品与服务在买方中的配给 手段。
　　美国的价格系统是复杂的网状系统，包括经济生活中一切产品买卖的价格，也包括 名目繁多的各种服务，诸如劳动力、专职人员、交通运输、公共事业等服务的价格。
　　所有 这些价格的内在联系构成了价格系统。 任何一种个别产品或服务的价格都与这个庞大而复 杂的系统密切相关，而且或多或少地受到系统中其它成份的制约。如果随机挑选一群人，问 问他们如何定义"价格"，许多人会回答价格就是根据卖方提供的产品或服务，买方向其付出 的钱数。
　　换句话说，价格就是市场交易中大家认同的产品或服务的货币量。 该定义就其本身来说自有其道理。
　　但要获得对价格在任何一桩交易中的完整认识，就必须考虑到大量" 非货币"因素的影响。买卖双方不但要清楚交易中的钱数，而且要非常熟悉交易物的质量和 数量，交易的时间、地点，采用哪种形式付款，有怎样的缓付和优惠，对交易物的质量保证、 交货条款、退赔权利等等。
　　也就是说，为了能估算索价，买卖双方必须通晓构成交易物价 格的通盘细节。

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