2014年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析：经济学

The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying：“Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anticompetitive force？”

　　There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fastgrowing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.

　　I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer’s demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth increases.

　　Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan—but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.

　　Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won’t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?

　　63．What is the typical trend of businesses today?

　　［A］to take in more foreign funds

　　［B］to invest more abroad

　　［C］to combine and become bigger

　　［D］to trade with more countries

　　64．According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is .

　　［A］the greater customer demands

　　［B］a surplus supply for the market

　　［C］a growing productivity

　　［D］the increase of the world’s wealth

　　65．From paragraph 4 we can infer that .

　　［A］the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers

　　［B］WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs

　　［C］the costs of the globalization process are enormous

　　［D］the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition

　　66．Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be .

　　［A］optimistic

　　［B］objective

　　［C］pessimistic

　　［D］biased

　　核心词汇：

　　acquisition［9Akwi5ziFEn］n.取得，学到，养成（习惯）；获得的东西（ac+quis+ition名词后缀）

　　affiliate［E5filieit］v.使隶属（或附属）于n.附属机构，分公司（af+fili+ate）

　　barrier［5bAriE］n.栅栏,屏障;障碍（物）（barr栅栏+ier）

　　beneficial［9beni5fiFEl］a.（to）有利的,有益的（benefic+ial形容词后缀）

　　concentration［9kCnsEn5treiFEn］n.专心，专注；集中，集结；浓度（concentrate+ion名词后缀→集中）

　　detrimental［7detri5mentl］a.有害的（detriment损害，危害+al→危害的）

　　gigantic［dVai5gAntik］a.巨大的,庞大的

　　hyperactive［7haipE(:)5rAktiv］a.活动过度的（hyper+active活动的）;hper前缀“超过；过度”（h脱落，元音y变u，即为uper），active活跃的。

　　infringement［in5frindVEnt］n.违反, 侵害(n+fringe+ment)in否定前缀，fringe（边缘；刘海；穗），ment名词后缀，已经“不”在“边缘”→侵入内部→侵害；infringe（v.侵害）←in+fringe

　　massive［5mAsiv］a.大而重的,厚实的,粗大的;大规模的,大量的（mass+ive形容词后缀）

　　multinational［mQlti5nAFEnEl］a./n.跨国公司；跨国公司的(ulti+national),multi前缀“多”（如multiple→multi+ple倍→v.加倍；多倍的；倍数），national国家的。

　　pessimistic［9pesi5mistik］a.悲观的(essimist+ic)pessimist悲观主义者，ic形容词后缀

　　phenomenon［fi5nCminEn］n.现象,稀有现象,珍品,奇迹,杰出人才

　　resort［ri5zC:t］v.凭借,求助,诉诸n.度假胜地,手段

　　supervise［5sju:pEvaiz］vt.监督，管理；指导(uper在上面+vis看+e动词后缀→在上面看→监督)

　　surpass［sE:5pa:s］vt.超过,胜过（sur超过+pass→通过并超过→胜过）

　　sweep［swi:p］v.扫,打扫;席卷,冲光;扫过,掠过

　　unsurpassed［5QnsE:5pB:st］a.凌驾的, 非常卓越的,超越的(n+surpass+ed)un否定前缀，surpass（v.超过）←sur前缀“超”+pass过，ed形容词后缀。

　　witness［5witnis］n.目击者,证人;证据,证明v.目击,目睹;作证（wit知+ness名词后缀→知情者）