扫码加入训练营

牢记核心词

学习得礼盒

2015年GCT考试英语正式文体与非正式文体区别

2014-02-24 14:26:56来源:233网校

  老师在批改学生作文时,普遍有一种感觉:学生的作文大多用词简单、结构松散,从语体角度分析,正式程度都较低,呈口语化的倾向。正式文体与非正式文体的区别表现在用词、语法上。为了更好地说明这两种文体在语言特征上的区别,下面特意选择了考生大作文中普遍存在的非正式用语,并给出相应的正式用语进行比较。

  两种文体在语言特征上的主要差异首先表现在用词上,体现在以下几个方面:

  1. 正式文体常使用正式用语,非正式文体则常使用非正式用语,这两类不同的用语是在长期的使用过程中被约定俗成地固定下来的。比如以下非正式用语一栏中的词汇在考生大作文中普遍存在,可修改为右栏正式用语中的表达:

  非正式用语 正式用语

  crimeoffense

  peopleindividuals

  cut downreduce

  serioussevere/grave

  harmdamage(or destroy/undermine/jeopardise)

  jobposition

  具体而言,源于法语、拉丁语、希腊语的词语多用于正式文体;源于古英语的词语则多用于非正式文体。试比较:

  We should investigate the root cause of the problem.

  We should look into the root cause of the problem.

  Investigate源于拉丁语,属正式文体用语,而look into是古英语词汇成分,属非正式文体用语。

  2. 现代英语中的缩略词及缩约词多用于非正式文体,其相应的非缩略或非缩约形式则常出现在正式文体中。很多考生都忽略了这一区别,以下非正式用语栏中的表达都是从考生大作文中选出的,可修改为右栏正式用语中的表达。

  缩略词 正式用语 缩约词 正式用语

  adadvertisementshouldn’tshould not

  phonetelephonewon’twill not

  TVtelevisionthere’sthere is

  e.g.for exampledon’tdo not

  papernewspaperI’veI have

  PCpersonal computerthey’rethey are

  3. 很多考生使用了很多短语动词,而这正是非正式文体的一大特征,正式文体则常用与之同义的单个动词。试比较:

  Informl: People can’t put up with the alienation brought by the Internet.

  Formal: Individuals cannot tolerate the alienation brought by the Internet.

  Informal: In this day and age, many people can make use of the Internet via computers or mobile phones.

  Formal: In this day and age, many individuals can utilise the Internet via computers or mobile phones.

  两种文体在语言特征上的第二类主要差异体现在语法上,具体包括以下几个方面:

  1. 在构成比较句型时,很多考生选择使用了人称代词的宾格形式,其实使用人称代词的主格形式要显得更正式些。

  Informal: He spent more time playing computer games than me.

  Formal: He spent more time playing computer games than I.

  2. 在表达“让步”概念时,很多考生选择使用的but, anyway, all the same, though, although等为非正式文体常用词语表达。正式文体则常使用yet, however, nevertheless, in spite of (despite), notwithstanding等词语,

  Informal: He tried to overcome his addiction to the Internet, but he failed.

  Formal: He endeavoured to overcome his addiction to the Internet; however, it turned out to be a failure.

  3. 在构成“方式状语”时,很多考生偏爱使用副词,而这正是非正式文体常用的表达方式,正式文体则常用介词和与该副词同根的词构成的介词短语:

  Informal: It’s very important to….

  Formal: It is of great importance to….

  4. 在表达“原因”、“后果”等概念时,很多考生由于水平所限,总是使用非正式文体常用的so, because或其他形式的表示原因的从句,正式文体则常用 on account of, accordingly, thus, hence, consequently, owing to (the fact that…)等词或词组,且比较经常地运用分词短语、独立主格结构等。

  Informal: Since computers had proliferated, many people become addicted to the Internet.

  Formal: Computers having proliferated, many people become addicted to the Internet.

  5. 在构成表示“目的”的状语时,很多考生使用具有非正式文体色彩的so as to;其实,用in order that引导的目的状语从句常出现于正式文体中:

  Informal: We should do more outdoor activities so as to enrich our life.

  Formal: We should do more outdoor activities in order that our life gets enriched.

  6. 很多考生不会使用由引导词it引导的句子(如it is said that…),实际上,这一结构多见于正式文体,不用这一结构而表达同一意义的句子多见于非正式文体:

  Informal: The number of students in the classroom has been going down.

  Formal: It has been noted with concern that the number of students attending class has been declining alarmingly.

  在职攻硕热点推荐:

  2012在职攻硕报考专题2012年在职研究生辅导班热招

  2012年在职研究生辅导专题2012全国联考考试科目及时间安排

  7. 很多考生省略关系代词、连词、介词,这些情况多见于非正式文体。

  Informal: He flunked many courses. He had been expelled from the college.

  Formal: He flunked so many courses that he had been expelled from the college.

  Informal: He dealt with the problem the way his classmates does.

  Formal: He dealt with the problem in the way his classmates does.

  Informal: We should prevent it going from bad to worse.

  Formal: We should prevent it from going from bad to worse.

  8. 在表达“请求某人做某事时”,很多考生选择使用具有非正式文体色彩的主动语态句式,而没有使用具有正式文体色彩的被动语态句式。

  Informal: Please communicate more with your friends and family.

  Formal: More communication with your friends and family is needed.

  9. 很多考生未能正确使用某些不定代词、动名词的复合结构,不太注意句子的主谓一致,未能体现文章的正式文体风格。

  Informal: Everybody should look after themselves.

  Formal: Everybody should look after himself.

  Informal: Everyone should do their best.

  Formal: Everyone should do his best.

  Informal: I’m not surprised at him failing the course.Formal: I am not surprised at his failing the course.


【工程管理硕士】资料这里有

考研英语核心词汇营

背词+听课+练习+督学,学习得礼盒

更多资料
更多>>
更多内容

关注新东方在线考研服务号

获得21考研真题及答案解析

1. 打开手机微信【扫一扫】,识别上方二维码;
2.点击【关注公众号】,获取资料大礼包。

免费下:2010-2026年考研真题及答案
更多>>
更多公开课>>
更多>>
更多资料