2015年在职硕士英语翻译解题策略1

　　翻译是一种主观题，是需要考生具有一定英语基本功，再把这种基本功转变成为一种翻译能力。然而，对于同时承担着繁重的专业学习重任和自己单位工作重任的在职硕士;对于大多数没有接受过翻译系统教育和训练的在职硕士，如何在比较短的时间内攻克英汉互译就成了迫在眉睫的事情了。

　　在职硕士考试中，翻译部分共分为两节，第一节为英译汉，第二节为汉译英。在试卷中，每一节所占的比分是10分，翻译整个部分共20分，考试所需要的时间是共约30分钟。为了能够让广大的考生顺利通过考试，本文作者将分别从英译汉和汉译英两个部分进行介绍，并针对这两个部分分别提出一种简单有效的解题策略。

　　英译汉部分

　　(一) 题型介绍

　　英译汉的题型主要分为三种：其一、要求考生翻译一个小的英语短文，短文的长度大约是80—100个英语词。其二、在一篇大约300词的英语文章中，要求考生翻译划线的五个部分;这五个部分通常就是五个句子，每句话的长度大约20个英语词。其三、要求考生翻译单独的五个英语句子，这五个句子之间一般没有任何联系，长度也是大约20个英语词。在试卷中，英译汉部分可以是以上三种题型中的任意一种。但是，根据2004年的考题来看，今年考试中有可能仍然考察一个小的英语短文翻译。例如：

　　题型一，短文翻译：

　　Another kind of distinction that can be made among works of art is whether they were intended as objects to be looked at or to be used. The fine arts, such as painting and sculpture, involve the production of works to be seen and experienced on an abstract level. Pieces of fine art may evoke emotional or spiritual responses in us. Those who love the fine arts feel that these responses are very valuable, for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself.(2004年考题，86词)

　　题型二，文章中，划线句子翻译：

　　For a world that is 70% water, things are drying up fast. Only 2.5% of water is fresh, and only a fraction of that is accessible. (1) Meanwhile, each of us requires about 50 quarts per day for drinking, bathing, cooking and other basic needs. At present, 1.1 billion people lack access to clean drinking water and more than 2.4 billion lack adequate access to clean drinking water and more than 2.4 billion lack adequate sanitation. (2) “Unless we take swift and decisive action,” says U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan, by 2025, two-thirds of the world’s population may be living in countries that face serious water shortage.”

　　(3) The answer is to get smart about how we use water. (4) Agriculture accounts for about two-thirds of the fresh water consumed in the world. A report prepared for the summit thus endorses the “more crop per drop” approach, which calls for more efficient irrigation techniques, planting of drought-and salt-tolerant crop varieties that require less water and better monitoring of growing conditions, such as soil humidity levels. (5) Improving water-delivery systems would also help, reducing the amount that is lost on the way to the people who use it.

　　One program winning quick support is dubbed Wash—for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All—a global effort that aims to provide water services and hygiene training to everyone who lacks them by 2015. Already, the U.N., 28 governments and many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have signed on.

　　题型三，单独句子翻译：

　　(1) Even as the technological progress lightens some of the librarians’ load, recent convention of the American Library Association showed that it brings complications, too.

　　(2) As Ginnie Cooper put it, “It’s more important to help people find what they want on the Net rather than decide what they can't see.”

　　(3) Even if your suggestions are not accepted, at least your boss knows that you’re constantly working to improve things to make her/his job easier.

　　(4) It is necessary to build up a commercial environment in which you must be able to react quickly to unpredictable changes in markets and customer needs.

　　(5) The capital city of South Australia, Adelaide (阿德雷德) is really an elegant city, featuring traditional stone architecture with encircling wide grassland.

　　我们可以看出，无论是翻译英语的短文还是句子，我们翻译的时候，仍然需要从句子入手，一句一句进行翻译。因此，下面着重对英译汉句子翻译的解题策略进行详细分析。

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