浅析考研英语写作的命题思路及案例解读

下面为广大2015年考研浅析考研英语写作的命题范围、思路，并付诸例题进行详细的解读，教大家如何做好考研英语写作。

　　命题范围——题材现实性

　　透过对近几年研究生入学考试作文命题题材的分析、归类研究，我们可以得出一个明确的结论：写作的题材具有显著的现实性。它们基本贴近考生的学习、工作及课余生活，或涉及当前社会的变化、发展及进步，从电视广告到希望工程，从父母与子女的关系到拥有健康的重要性，从环保到文化，从世界烟民现状到各行各业的“承诺”。总之，研究生入学考试写作的题材一般都不会出现偏题、怪题等现象，也不会让考生写一些他们不熟悉的社会现象或者与学生生活缺乏联系的科技题材。

　　命题思路

　　只要稍加留意就不难看出，写作命题的模式从1997年起，发生了很大的变化。

　　2000年的考题要求考生仔细阅读和分析所给的两幅漫画，实际上要找出两幅漫画的内在联系，题目还明确要求在作文中推断作者的意图，并且给出相应的措施。2001年的考题为图画加提纲式作文，要求考生结合图画和所给提纲以“爱心是一盏灯，在越黑暗的地方越明亮”为主题写出自己对所给图画的理解并举特例说明献爱心的最佳途径以及建议。

　　2005年考研大纲明确规定考生应掌握应用文这一体裁的写作。

　　2007年的写作B节图画作文涉及到心态方面的问题，没有了文字，开放性继续加强。这幅图画里面，面对着同一个射门的问题，站在不同的角度，不同的守门员和进攻的队员，考生可以以自信作为主题写作，也可以从面对同一件事情，不同的角度、不同的位置能看到的东西不一样，想法也是不一样的这个角度来写。由于该图画比较抽象，可供学生发挥的空间较大。

　　2008年考研大作文的难度与2007年相比有所下降。作文画面简单易懂，增加了文字信息。在要求就图画进行描述，阐述含义之外，考生就主题进行评论，这给了考生很大的自由度，因此降低了难度。第一段描述图画，第二段解释这个图画的意义，第三段发表自己的评论，这其实是历年考研的考法。

　　2009年至2014年的写作题仍一直延续这个思路。

　　作文类型——模式化

　　分析归纳研究生入学考试写作部分，不难发现，作文类型趋于模式化，大致可分为四大类型。

　　(1)观点论证型

　　目前，这类作文均先要求考生理解图，然后提出自己的观点。这类作文是研究生考试写作中最常见的作文形式。如2007年关于面对同一个射门的问题及2008~2013年的看图作文。

　　(2)问题解决型

　　这类作文要求考生就所给出的信息描述情形，分析原因，然后提出自己的看法、对策或结论。如1999年、2000年和2001年的作文题。

　　(3)现象解释型

　　这类作文在研究生考试作文中较为常见。命题要求考生描述某一社会或客观现象，并就其优缺点加以分析评论，然后得出考生个人的看法、态度或结论。如：2006年看图作文题是关于“偶像崇拜”的。

　　(4)说明利弊型

　　这一类型的作文往往要求考生对两件事物进行比较，说明其利弊，然后做出自己的判断。这类考题虽然在四六级考试中较为常见，但在历年考研中只出现过一次。

　　样卷判分实例(2007)

　　Section Ⅲ Writing

　　Part A

　　51. Directions:

　　Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.

　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.

　　Do not write the address. (10 points)

　　Part B

　　52. Directions:

　　Write an essay of 160~220 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

　　① describe the drawing briefly,

　　② explain its intended meaning, and then

　　③ support your view with an example/examples.

　　You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

　　范文

　　Part A

　　Dear Sir or Madam,

　　As a senior in this noted university, I have gained a great deal over the course of my studies; however, one regular source of dissatisfaction has been the disappointing services of our library.

　　First of all, the selection is much too narrow. There are a number of important books specific to certain majors that are not available in our library. This is very frustrating to students. I would suggest that those in charge of selecting publications should confer with every department to assess students needs.

　　Secondly, students often have difficulty finding books. A new search system should be developed to allow students to search for books both by author and by title. New software would be necessary for this.

　　Last but not least, since a lot of publications cannot be taken out of the library, the university should consider extending its opening hours to at least 10 hours per day.

　　I sincerely hope that you will take time to consider my suggestions. Thank you very much for your attention to this letter.

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Li Ming

　　Part B

　　This cartoon depicts a picture of a football game with two players facing each other. One player is going to kick the ball while the goal keeper is standing in front of a goal, ready to protect it. But both parties are losing their confidence. The striker magnifies the goalkeeper in his mind so that chances of shooting in are slim. Likewise, the goalkeeper minimizes his own image as if he couldnt defend the goal successfully.

　　Obviously, both of the players in the pictures dont have enough confidence and if you have little confidence, how can you achieve your goal in life? The purpose of the picture is to emphasize the importance of selfconfidence in our daily life. Confidence is very important in building a career. The belief of what one can achieve and succeed often spells the difference between success and failure. On account of the fast pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life, imposing tremendous pressure on all individuals. The past few years have witnessed great increase in the difficulty of examinations and employment. Thus we must maintain powerful selfconfidence and optimism in the face of challenges so as to survive and succeed.

　　Confidence can be shown in the performance of many people. Take Liuxiang as an example. It is because of his selfconfidence that he never shrinks in front of other experienced players and works wonders again and again. On the contrary, some athletes do well in everyday training, but when facing other people they fail to present the best of themselves for the lack of selfconfidence. As the saying goes, confidence is the first step to success! Only by building strong selfconfidence can we move closer to our dreams.