四大原则攻克考研英语阅读理解

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　　文章解析范例

　　To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.

　　For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals---no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,” Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don's understand.

　　Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way---in human term, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

　　Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.

　　46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to_____.

　　A. call on scientists to take some actions.

　　B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.

　　C. warn of the doom of biomedical research.

　　D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.

　　47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is_____.

　　A. cruel but natural.

　　B. inhuman and unacceptable.

　　C. inevitable but vicious.

　　D. pointless and wasteful.

　　48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's_____.

　　A. discontent with animal research.

　　B. ignorance about medical science.

　　C. indifference to epidemics.

　　D. anxiety about animal rights.

　　49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should_____.

　　A. communicate more with the public.

　　B. employ hi-tech means in research.

　　C. feel no shame for their cause.

　　D. strive to develop new cures.

　　50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is_____.

　　A. a well-known humanist.

　　B. a medical practitioner.

　　C. an enthusiast in animal rights.

　　D. a supporter of animal research.

　　解析：

　　步骤一， 中心统一原则

　　首段---主题句;其他段落---段落中间转折词所在句或段首句

　　首段： Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. 听说在实验场景中残忍的对待动物的宣传，许多人不禁感觉到迷惑，有人故意伤害动物。

　　其他段落：For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals---no meat, no fur, no medicines.例如，一位祖母年龄状的老太太在最近的街边集市上摆了保护动物的摊子，向路人散发保护动物权利的小册子……

　　Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way---in human term, not in the language of molecular biology.科学家必须与公众们沟通交流(以……的方式)。

　　Much can be done.很多事情能够被做。(能够采取措施)

　　总结：文章围绕着______主题展开。

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　　步骤二，粗略定位原则

　　题干表达的含义;各个段落表达的含义

　　46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to_____.

　　作者用Edmund Burke'的话来开篇目的是什么?---定位于第____段

　　47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is_____.

　　被误导的人倾向于认为在实验中使用动物是怎样的?---定位于第____段

　　48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's_____.

　　祖母年龄状的老太太的例子被用来表明什么?---定位于第____段

　　49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should_____.

　　作者相信，在面对动物权利倡导者的挑战，科学家应该做些什么?---定位于第____段

　　50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is_____.

　　通过文章我们得知Stephen Cooper是何许人也?---定位于第____段

　　步骤三，精确定位原则

　　方位论原则：

　　细节题重定位，重要、总结、定位词

　　推断题重主题，篇章、段落、主题句

　　结构题重关系，论据、论点、之联系

　　主旨题重范围，篇章、各段、主题句

　　识词题重方位，解释、逻辑、平行关系

　　46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to_____.

　　主旨题，文章各段主题句

　　47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is_____.

　　细节题，定位词所在句

　　48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's_____.

　　结构题，例子对应的论点句

　　49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should_____.

　　细节题，定位词所在句

　　50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is_____.

　　细节题，定位词所在句

　　步骤四，动作决定论

　　相关信息句的动词和宾语(动作)，选项的动词和宾语(动作)

　　46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to_____.

　　相关信息句为：

　　Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. 听说在实验场景中残忍的对待动物的宣传，许多人不禁感觉到迷惑，有人故意伤害动物。

　　For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals---no meat, no fur, no medicines.例如，一位祖母年龄状的老太太在最近的街边集市上摆了保护动物的摊子，向路人散发保护动物权利的小册子……

　　Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way---in human term, not in the language of molecular biology.科学家必须与公众们沟通交流(以……的方式)。

　　Much can be done.很多事情能够被做。(能够采取措施)

　　A. call on scientists to take some actions.

　　B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.

　　C. warn of the doom of biomedical research.

　　D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.

　　47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is_____.

　　相关信息句为：

　　Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.

　　A. cruel but natural.

　　B. inhuman and unacceptable.

　　C. inevitable but vicious.

　　D. pointless and wasteful.

　　48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's_____.

　　相关信息句为：

　　Such well-meaning people just don's understand.

　　A. discontent with animal research.

　　B. ignorance about medical science.

　　C. indifference to epidemics.

　　D. anxiety about animal rights.

　　49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should_____.

　　相关信息句为：

　　Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way---in human term, not in the language of molecular biology.

　　A. communicate more with the public.

　　B. employ hi-tech means in research.

　　C. feel no shame for their cause.

　　D. strive to develop new cures.

　　50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is_____.

　　相关信息句为：

　　Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.

　　A. a well-known humanist.

　　B. a medical practitioner.

　　C. an enthusiast in animal rights.

　　D. a supporter of animal research.

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