2015考研英语阅读理解模拟试题（十六）

　　2015考研英语复习正在如火如荼的进行中，考研专家建议可以按考研题型分别进行重点复习，考研英语阅读理解是考研英语中分值最高的，新东方在线小编特地整理了2015考研英语阅读理解模拟试题供大家模拟练习，希望大家认真做题，错题着重看解析及译文，经过练习阅读理解能力必能有所提高。

　　十六、童工、教育与贫困问题

　　The need to synergize efforts towards achieving Education for All (EFA), elimination of child labour and poverty alleviation found broad support on the occasion of the 2nd Round Table on Achieving Education for All and the Elimination of Child Labour, organized in cooperation with the government of Brazil in Brasilia on 8 November, 2004. Representatives of UN agencies, governments from southern and northern countries as well as civil society organizations joined hands in the efforts to address the “triangular paradigm”. There was agreement that while there have been commitments in all different policy areas, there is still a lack of systematic efforts towards synergizing the policies addressing these three development goals simultaneously.

　　The key message of the round table is that poverty cannot be eradicated without eliminating child labour, and will not be eradicated without effectively achieving education for all children, boys and girls alike. Compulsory education, free of charge and of high quality, is the most effective, preventive and sustainable strategy to end child labour. Without ensuring education, the menace of children becoming trapped in the worst forms of child labour (slavery, trafficking, prostitution, etc.) cannot be wiped out. It was therefore recognized that there is an urgent need to break the cycle of poverty. Moreover, there was recognition of the economic benefits of newcomers in the labor market who have a minimum level of education and good health. They will be considerably more productive and work over a longer span.

　　Throughout the world, efforts to eliminate child labour should be more effectively connected with policies guaranteeing access to quality education for all children. Therefore more policy coherence and better financial targeting would contribute to substantially improved development results. In this regard it is critically important to harmonize work between in particular ministries of Labour, Education and Finance. Such harmonization should be strengthened both at the national level in the southern world and within the context of the multilateral agencies’ activities.

　　Different government representatives expressed the view that bringing children out of work urgently requires income transfer programmes for the poor to ensure that children can attend school without their families being deprived from income. It was also suggested to complement these with meals and nutritional supplements for children attending school, and to promote national efforts to identify and register children who are vulnerable, as well as to strengthen legal enforcement. It was strongly suggested that donor governments should come forward and support their counterparts in this endeavor.

　　It was agreed that examples of innovative strategies and successful efforts leading to education for all and the elimination of child labour in a number of countries should be documented and disseminated. It was also agreed that by next June the International Labour Organization will host in Geneva a working group including representation of all organizing agencies. It will work out the details for the establishment of a Global Task Force as a mechanism to follow up on progress made in the elimination of child labour.

　　1. The expression “triangular paradigm”(Paragraph 1) most probably means _____.

　　[A] UN agencies, governments and civil society organizations [B] the 3rd Round Table

　　[C] child labour, education and poverty [D] the government of Brazil in Brasilia

　　2. Which of the following probably results in child labor?

　　[A] No preventive policy. [B] Great economic benefits of children.

　　[C] Expensive education fee. [D] Lack of laborer in labor market.

　　3. According to the text, what can help to ensure the better education of all children?

　　[A] Prohibition of child labor. [B] Cooperation of government agencies.

　　[C] Enactment of more policies. [D] Enlargement of teaching staff.

　　4. Governments can address the problem of child labor by _____.

　　[A] helping each other financially [B] persuading parents to take children home

　　[C] supplying food to children working in the factories [D] making relative laws

　　5. Which of the following is Not agreed on in the 2nd Round Table?

　　[A] Necessity of joining efforts. [B] Documentation of successful methods.

　　[C] Organization of a Global Task Force. [D] Agenda of next Round Table.

　　答案：1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.D

　　核心词汇与超纲词汇

　　(1)synergize(v.)协同加强…的活动

　　(2)alleviation(n.)减轻，缓和;alleviate(v.)

　　(3)paradigm(n.)典范，范例，示例

　　(4)sustainable(a.)不破坏生态平衡的，合理利用的;可持续的

　　(5)trap(v.)使落入险境，使陷入困境

　　(6)coherence(n.)连贯性，条理性;cohere(v.)连贯一致;齐心协力

　　(7)come forward主动提供(帮助或服务等)

　　(8)endeavo(n./v.)努力，尽力

　　(9)follow up对……采取进一步行动;追查更多情况

　　(10)mechanism(n.)机械装置;机构，机制

　　全文翻译

　　协同力量以达到全民受教育、根除童工和缓解贫困的必要性在第二轮圆桌会议上得到广泛的认可。该会议是2004年11月8日和巴西政府联合在巴西利亚举办的。联合国机构代表、南北半球各国政府和民间社会组织联手努力对抗这个“三角模式”。人们一致认为，虽然在所有不同政策方面都得到了承诺，但缺少同时实现这三个发展目标的系统一致的努力。

　　圆桌会议传达的关键信息是：不根除童工现象，就不能消除贫困;不有效地实现所有儿童(男女都一样)的教育，也不能消除贫困。免费且高质量的义务教育是制止童工现象最有效的、最能起到预防作用的、最有持续性的策略。不提供教育，就不能消除儿童沦落为各种形式童工(奴隶、被贩卖、卖淫)的威胁。因此，人们意识到了打破这个贫困循环的迫切性。而且也意识到劳动市场新成员们带来的经济利益，他们教育水平极低，而健康状况良好。他们很大程度上将更具生产效率，工作年限将更长。

　　全世界消除童工的方法应该与保证所有儿童得到良好教育的政策更有效地联系起来。因此更连贯的政策和更集中的资金投入将会极大地有利于改善发展结果。这一点对于协调劳动、教育和财政部门间的合作是非常重要的。这样的协调应该在南半球各国之间得以加强，也应在多边机构的活动中得到加强。

　　不同政府的代表发表了看法：要让儿童不再工作，迫切要求对穷人实行收入调整项目以保证儿童上学不会让家庭收入耗光。同时也建议给上学儿童提供用餐和营养补给，督促全国确认和登记容易成为童工的人，以及加强法律执行的力度。还强烈建议捐助国政府应该主动尽力帮助其他政府。

　　人们一致同意应该将创新策略的事例和实现全民受教育和根除童工的成功方法进行记录并宣传。此外也同意，明年六月国际劳动组织将在日内瓦组成一个包括所有举办机构代表的工作组。该工作组将制定建立“全球任务队伍”的细节，“全球任务队伍”是在消除童工方面取得成就的基础上进一步采取行动的机构。

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