2015考研英语阅读理解模拟试题（二十八）

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　　二十八、五大湖污染

　　Many of the world’s big lakes are threatened by pollution or huge drainage schemes. But there is at least one fairly bright spot. The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence river system between Canada and the United States, which together account for a fifth of the world’s non-polar fresh water, are much healthier than they were. Can they stay that way?

　　Though Lake Michigan is wholly the United States’, all five lakes are governed by the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909, implemented by an independent bi-national joint commission. In 1978, both countries agreed to try to clean up the water in the lakes, several of which were heavily polluted. They have done so though in fact the improvement owes as much to economic change as to government action. Steel and other heavy industry have given way to cleaner industries and services, both in Ontario and in American lakeside states. The result: tests on fish and birds show residues of heavy metals have declined (though dangerous levels of mercury are still found), while in the past ten years the rivers near Toronto have been successfully stocked with salmon.

　　There are still worries. One problem is farming. This uses much lake water (9% of the total that is withdrawn from irrigation), while also polluting the lakes and river systems. The huge quantities of manure spread on farms in Ontario and Quebec also causes pollution, by running off the land into streams, rivers and then lakes.

　　Some scientists also worry that water levels will fall permanently. Climate change is likely to cut rainfall in the Great Lakes basin, while ever more water will be drawn from the lakes by a rising urban population. General consumption in the basin will increase by 5% in the next 5 years, according to a forecast by a consultant to the commission.

　　Other threats include some 120 exotic species of flora, fish and shellfish that have found their way into the lakes, some via ships’ ballast. The zebra mussel from Eastern Europe is the most motorious and probably most damaging to the environment. It consumes a lot of oxygen ( though it also helps to clean the water). Lastly, there is the hazardous prospect of decommissioning Ontario’s two dozen ageing nuclear reactors, which line the shores of Lake Ontario and Lake Huron.

　　Fortunately, the long history of successful co-operation between the two countries and among the local governments suggests these threats can be managed. Both governments have approved the commission’s plan to set up international watershed boards across the continent. These are to take a ‘holistic’ approach to ecosystems. Maybe the Zebra mussel and the farm run-offs have met their match.

　　1.From the text, we know that the Great Lakes _____.

　　[A] are equally located between Canada and the U.S [B] contain a small part of the world’s fresh water

　　[C] are governed neither by Canada nor by the U.S [D] have water not as fresh as before

　　2.In the first two paragraphs, the author suggests that _____.

　　[A] a commission was established to coordinate mutual activities of the governments

　　[B] the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909 has become out-of-date

　　[C] the huge drainage schemes are to blame for land run-offs

　　[D] the economic change has contributed to environmental improvement

　　3.Which of the following shows that water quality has improved?

　　[A] Fish and birds show no residues of heavy metal. [B] Toronto has grown salmon successfully in its waters.

　　[C] Farming has prospered in the lakeside areas. [D] Lake water has been drawn for use by the population.

　　4.Which of the following causes concerns of the public and the scientists?

　　[A] Fish farming. [B] Urban population. [C] Decreased rainfall. [D] More landslide.

　　5.What is the author’s attitude to the prospect of the lakes’ environment?

　　[A] Optimistic. [B] Worried. [C] Indifferent. [D] Unclear.

　　答案：1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A

　　核心词汇或超纲词汇

　　(1)drainage(n.)排水;排泄(设备);drain(v.)排水，流干，喝光;消耗

　　(2)implement(n.)工具，器具;媒介，手段(v.)贯彻，实现

　　(3)mercury(n.)水银，汞;Mercury水星

　　(4)stock(v.)储存，储备(n.)树干;库存;股票;血统;原料;语系

　　(5)basin(n.)盆;盆地;水池;内湾

　　(6)ballast(n.)压舱物;镇重物

　　(7)decommission(v.)使……(如军舰)退出现行的公共事务;commission(v.)委任，委托，使服役

　　(8)watershed(n.)分水岭，转折点，重要关头

　　(9)holistic(a.)整体的，全部的，全盘的~ approach整体分析

　　(10)run-off(动词+副词构成的复合名词)流走之物;决赛

　　全文翻译

　　世界上的许多大湖都受到污染和巨大的排水系统的威胁。但是至少还有一个相当亮丽的场所，即美国和加拿大之间的五大湖和圣劳伦斯河流域。五大湖和圣劳伦斯河一起占非极地淡水的1/5，而且现在水质要好于以往。他们能保持此种状况吗?

　　尽管整个密歇根湖在美国境内，但是五大湖都由独立的两国联合委员会于1909年颁布的《边界水域条约》管辖。两国在1978年同意共同清理五大湖水域，其中的几条湖泊污染严重。两国共同清理了湖水，但是实际上，水质提高既有赖于政府行动，同样也得归功于经济变化。在加拿大的安大略省和美国沿湖诸州，钢铁及其它重工业让位于污染小的行业和服务业。对鱼和鸟的检测发现，重金属的残余量已降低(虽然汞含量还比较危险)，而在过去的10年中，多伦多附近的河水已经成功地养殖了鲑鱼。

　　令人担忧的事情依然存在。其中一个问题是农业问题，农业用去了大部分的湖水(灌溉用水占总数量的9%)，不仅如此，农业还污染了湖泊和水系。安大略和魁北克农场的大量的肥料从田里流向溪流，河流和湖泊，也造成了污染。

　　一些科学家还忧虑水位会持续下降。气候的变化可能使五大湖盆地的降雨减少，而城市人口数量不断增加，对湖水的抽用却越来越多。据委员会的一名顾问预测，在下一个五年中盆地的总体消耗将会上涨5%。

　　其它的威胁包括大约120种外来的植物群、鱼和贝。它们已经找到了进入湖泊的路径，有些是经由船的压舱物进入的。来自东欧的斑马蚌最为臭名昭著，也可能对环境最具破坏性。它耗费掉水中的很多氧气(尽管它对水的清洁也有帮助)。最后，安大略省24个旧核反应堆的正式停止使用存在着潜在危险，这些核反应堆列于安大略湖和休伦湖沿岸。

　　值得庆幸的是，两国以及当地政府长期成功的合作史表明，这些威胁均能被清除。两国政府已经同意委员会在全美洲建立国际流域董事会的计划。这将意味着全盘处理生态系统。也许，这次斑马蚌和农田灌溉排出的废物遇到了它们的对手。

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