2015考研英语阅读理解模拟试题（三十三）

　　2015考研英语复习正在如火如荼的进行中，考研专家建议可以按考研题型分别进行重点复习，考研英语阅读理解是考研英语中分值最高的，新东方在线小编特地整理了2015考研英语阅读理解模拟试题供大家模拟练习，希望大家认真做题，错题着重看解析及译文，经过练习阅读理解能力必能有所提高。

　　三十三、父母离异

　　Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the child’s individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easygoing, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity.

　　There is some relationship between age and children’s characteristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection.

　　Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls’ adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained? The greater male aggression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self-control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent. Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents’ fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers.

　　1. Temperamental, irritable kids have difficulty adapting to parental divorce because.

　　[A] they care too much about the life change

　　[B] the great stress of their families diminishes their ability

　　[C] they tend to lose temper easily and are sensitive to the life change

　　[D] they are faced with more parents’ fights than the relaxed, easygoing children

　　2. The following statements are true EXCEPT.

　　[A] divorce is usually caused by more than one reason

　　[B] a six-year-old boy may fear being deserted by his parents

　　[C] as the kids grow older, they have a better understanding of divorce

　　[D] a young girl may feel more shameful on parental divorce than an older boy

　　3. It can be inferred from the passage that the impact of divorce.

　　[A] on kids of different sexes will probably change as they grow older

　　[B] may cause most kids’ difficulties in communicating with others

　　[C] on an irritable girl is greater than a noncompliant boy

　　[D] is always greater on boys than on girls

　　4. According to the author, the reason why parental divorce has greater effect on boys than on girls is that.

　　[A] all cultures encourage male aggression and noncompliance

　　[B] boys are always involved in their parents’ fights

　　[C] males are usually viewed as the models in self-control and strong will

　　[D] boys are basically more self-disciplined than girls

　　5. What is the main idea of the passage?

　　[A] Parental divorce has a negative effect on children all through their life.

　　[B] The impact of parental divorce on children varies in personality, age and gender.

　　[C] Boys may become more aggressive than girls in disrupted families.

　　[D] Kids of different ages behave differently on parental divorce.

　　答案：1.A 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B

　　核心词汇或超纲词汇

　　(1)rate(v.)评估，评价，认为，如They ~d him highly as a colleague.(作为同事，他们对他评价甚高。)

　　(2)surface(v.)浮出水面;(隐藏或被掩盖一段时间后)露面，重新出现，显露，如She ~d again years later in London.(多年后她又出现在伦敦。)

　　(3)disciplinarian(n.)严格纪律信奉者;严格执行纪律者，如She’s a very strict ~.(她执行纪律非常严格。)

　　全文翻译

　　尽管父母离异对孩子有普遍的负面影响，但经历父母离异的孩子会有不同的行为反应，记住这一点很重要。这些孩子具体的行为取决于他们的个性、特点、性别及其在父母离异时的年龄。在个性方面，那些被认为喜怒无常和性格急躁的孩子与个性温和又容易相处的孩子相比，更难以应对父母的离异，因为他们一般更难以适应生活上的变化。压力，比如在破裂家庭中产生的压力，似乎削弱了这些喜怒无常的孩子们适应环境的能力，压力越大，他们适应环境的能力越弱。相反，适度的压力实际上可以帮助那些个性温和的孩子学习如何应对逆境。

　　孩子的年龄与他们对父母离异所产生的独特反应有着某种联系。随着孩子年龄的增长，他们更可能自由表达各种各样复杂的感情，更可能理解这些情感，也更能意识到父母离异的决定不能简单归结于任何单一的原因。孩子在6岁后自我责备的心理几乎完全消失，8岁以后对被抛弃的恐惧减少，与此同时，年长孩子对父母离异的羞愧、愤怒及自我反省心理取代了年幼孩子的困惑和恐惧心理。

　　孩子的性别也是一个可以预测他们对父母离异反应特点的因素。父母离异最初对男孩的影响比女孩要大，因为男孩好斗，不像女孩那样温顺，在人际关系上存在更多的困难，而且在家中或在学校里会表现出不好的行为。不仅如此，男孩在父母离异两年后仍然表现出适应性问题。女孩的适应性问题更为隐蔽，不会外在表现出来，而且经常在父母离异两年内被解决。然而，当女孩进入青春期或成年期后，新的问题又会浮出水面。怎样解释离婚对男孩影响比女孩大的原因呢?男孩更具攻击性和不驯服可能反应这样一个事实，在我们的文化中这种行为发生在男孩身上更容易得到宽容与鼓励。而且，男孩可能特别希望树立起一个自律的强悍的男人形象，也特别希望父母自身就是纪律的严格执行者。最后，与女孩相比，男孩更容易看到父母吵架，而且，在父母离异后，他们也不大可能像女孩那样受到母亲、老师或者同龄人的同情和支持。

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