2015考研英语阅读理解模拟试题（三十五）

　　2015考研英语复习正在如火如荼的进行中，考研专家建议可以按考研题型分别进行重点复习，考研英语阅读理解是考研英语中分值最高的，新东方在线小编特地整理了2015考研英语阅读理解模拟试题供大家模拟练习，希望大家认真做题，错题着重看解析及译文，经过练习阅读理解能力必能有所提高。

　　三十五、音乐物质文化

　　Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things”—physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used—that a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of “things” in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.

　　Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.

　　Music is deep-rooted in the cultural background that fosters it. We now pay more and more attention to traditional or ethnic features in folk music and are willing to preserve the folk music as we do with many traditional cultural heritage. Musicians all over the world are busy with recording classic music in their country for the sake of their unique culture. As always, people’s aspiration will always focus on their individuality rather than universal features that are shared by all cultures alike.

　　One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media—radio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information-revolution”, a twentieth century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the globe.

　　1. Which of the following does not belong to material culture?

　　[A] Instruments. [B] Music. [C] Paintings. [D] Sheet music.

　　2. The word “phonograph”(Line 5-6, Paragraph 1) most probably means.

　　[A] record player [B] radio [C] musical technique [D] music culture

　　3. The main idea of the first paragraph is.

　　[A] the importance of cultural tools and technology [B] the cultural influence of the development of civilization

　　[C] the focus of the study of the material culture of music [D] the significance of the research into the musical instruments

　　4. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of printed music?

　　[A] Reading of music notation has a great impact on musicians. [B] People may draw imspiration from it.

　　[C] The music culture will be influenced by it in the end. [D] Songs tend to be standardized by it.

　　5. From the third paragraph, we may infer that.

　　[A] traditional cultural heritage is worthy of preservation

　　[B] the universal features shared by all cultures aren’t worthy of notice

　　[C] musicians pay more attention to the preservation of traditional music

　　[D] the more developed a culture, the more valuable the music it has fostered

　　答案：1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.A

　　核心词汇或超纲词汇

　　(1)notation(n.)(数字、科学和音乐等中的)符号、记号、谱号

　　(2)foster(v.)养育，抚育，培养，促进，助长

　　(3)aspiration(n.)热望，渴望，抱负，志向

　　全文翻译

　　物质文化指的是那些可以触摸的、物质的“东西”，即，文化中产生的能看到、摸到、感觉到和使用的自然物体。考察一种文化中的工具和技术就可以知道这个文化群体的历史和生活方式。同样，研究音乐的物质文化能够帮助我们理解音乐文化。在音乐文化中最生动的物质载体当然是乐器。在19世纪70年代留声机发明以前，我们自己听不到任何音乐表演的声音，于是我们依赖乐器获得有关远古的音乐文化及其发展的重要信息。这里我们有两种证据：保存完好的乐器和艺术中描绘的乐器。通过对图片、文字记载以及乐器等的研究，我们可以了解一千多年以前近东音乐传入中国的情况，也可以勾勒出近东音乐的影响波及欧洲并导致交响乐的大部分乐器发展的大致轮廓。

　　手稿式乐谱或印刷式乐谱都是物质文化。学者曾经将民乐文化定义为这样的文化，即，人们用耳朵学会吟唱曲子，而不是背诵乐谱。但是对欧洲、英国和美国的研究显示了过去几个世纪里口头和书面资料的相互影响。印刷式乐谱形式单调，因为它们往往将所有歌曲都标准化，但是它们却促使人们创作新的、不同的歌曲。而且，读乐谱的能力对音乐家有着深远的影响，当这种能力得到普及时，它对整个音乐文化将产生深远的影响。

　　音乐根植于孕育了它的文化背景。现在我们越来越关注民乐中的传统和民族特色，并且在对待许多传统文化遗产时愿意将民乐保存下来。全世界的音乐家忙着记录自己国家的古典音乐，因为它们代表了独特的文化。人们总是渴望保留个性特色，而不是找到所有文化共有的普遍特点。

　　音乐物质文化的一个更重要的部分应该被提出来：电子媒体——如收音机、唱机、录音机、电视、未来能说会唱的计算机以及其他发明——的影响。这都属于“信息革命”，一种和19世纪的工业革命一样重要的20世纪的现象。这些电子媒体不仅限于出现在现代国家，而是影响了整个世界的音乐文化。

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