2015考研英语阅读理解模拟试题（三十六）

　　2015考研英语复习正在如火如荼的进行中，考研专家建议可以按考研题型分别进行重点复习，考研英语阅读理解是考研英语中分值最高的，新东方在线小编特地整理了2015考研英语阅读理解模拟试题供大家模拟练习，希望大家认真做题，错题着重看解析及译文，经过练习阅读理解能力必能有所提高。

　　三十六、克隆人和动物

　　“I’ve never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A&M University. “It’s a stupid endeavor.” That’s an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year—or perhaps not for another five years. It seems the reproductive system of man’s best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.

　　Westhusin’s experience with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hundreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy’s DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when you’re dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.

　　Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin’s phone at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily. Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missy’s mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy. He’s plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy’s fine qualities after she dies. But he knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy’s owners and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differs from Missy.”

　　The fate of the dog samples will depend on Westhusin’s work. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we’re not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?”

　　1. Which of the following best represents Mr. Westhusin’s attitude toward cloning?

　　[A] Animal cloning is a stupid attempt. [B] Human cloning is not yet close to getting it worked out.

　　[C] Cloning is too inefficient and should be stopped. [D] Animals cloning yes, and human cloning at least not now.

　　2. The Missyplicity project does not seem very successful probably because.

　　[A] there isn’t enough fund to support the research [B] cloning dogs is more complicated than cloning cats and bulls

　　[C] Mr. Westhusin is too busy taking care of the business [D] the owner is asking for an exact copy of his pet

　　3. When Mr. Westhusin says “... cloning is dangerous,” he implies that.

　　[A] lab technicians may be affected by chemicals [B] cats and dogs in the lab may die of diseases

　　[C] experiments may waste lots of lives [D] cloned animals could outlive the natural ones

　　4. We can infer from the third paragraph that.

　　[A] rich people are more interested in cloning humans than animals [B] cloning of animal pets is becoming a prosperous industry

　　[C] there is no distinction between a cloned and a natural dog [D] Missy’s master pays a lot in a hope to revive the dog

　　5. We may conclude from the text that.

　　[A] human cloning will not succeed unless the technique is more efficient

　　[B] scientists are optimistic about cloning technique

　　[C] many people are against the idea of human cloning

　　[D] cloned animals are more favored by owners even if they are weaker

　　答案：1.D 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A

　　核心词汇或超纲词汇

　　(1)cramped(a.) 狭窄的，狭小的，如working in ~ conditions(在拥挤的环境里工作)

　　(2)confines(n. pl.)范围，界限，边界，如the ~ of human knowledge(人类的知识范围)，the ~ of family life(家庭生活的范围)

　　(3)vexed (a.) 焦急的，为难的，恼怒的

　　(4)Missyplicity(n.)这是个临时造的词，是三个部分的合成：Missy指文中提到的那条狗密斯，duplicate意为“复制”，-ity为名词后缀。

　　(5)canine (a.) 犬的，犬科的

　　(6)surrogate mother代理母体

　　(7)aborted (a.) 流产的;出故障的

　　(8)fetus (n.) 胎，胎儿

　　(9)veterinary (a.)兽医的，~ medicine/science兽医学

　　(10)plop(v.)扑通一声把……放下，如Can you ~ some ice in my drink?(能在我的饮料中放点冰块吗?)(文中是比喻用法，指“投入资金”)

　　(11)viably (ad.) 可实施地，切实可行地;能独立生存地，能独立发展地

　　(12)abnormality (n.)变态，畸形，异常

　　全文翻译

　　“我还没有遇到一个值得被克隆的人,” 克隆专家马克•威斯苏森在德克萨斯州农业机械大学空间狭小的实验室里说，“那是一种愚蠢的尝试。”这种风趣的用来形容克隆人的言辞来自一位富人，他花费数百万美金试图克隆一只13岁的名叫密斯的狗。到目前为止，他和他的团队还没有获得成功，尽管他们已经克隆出了两只牛并且正计划在短期内克隆出一只猫。他们可能会在年底成功克隆出密斯，也可能再过五年都不会成功。人类最亲密的朋友——狗的生殖系统似乎是现代科学中一个神秘的领域。

　　威斯苏森克隆动物的经验使他对克隆人的种种说法十分恼火。在研究“克隆密斯项目”的三年时间里，农业机械大学的团队使用了成百上千只犬科动物的卵，却仅仅获得了一打左右的带有密斯DNA的胚胎，并且没有一个在被转移至克隆母体时存活下来。教授争辩道，在研究猫或牛的克隆试验中，对动物卵的浪费以及许多动物的自然性流产都是可以为人们所接受的，但是对于研究人来说就不行。他表示说，“克隆是十分低效的，而且也相当危险。”

　　尽管如此，克隆狗仍是一个商机，能带来丰厚的科研报酬。自从1997年多利羊克隆成功后，威斯苏森教授在农业机械大学动医学院的电话就频频响起。对于像密斯的神秘主人这样的消费者来说，高额的花销并不是什么难题，他只是希望匿名以保护自己的隐私。到目前为止，他已经投入了370万美金来资助这项研究，因为他想要一个密斯的孪生子在它死后继承其优良品质。但是这位主人知道，密斯的克隆体不一定能有与它一样的脾气秉性。在一份用途声明中，密斯的主人和农业机械大学的团队表示，他们“共同期待能研究密斯的克隆体与它本身的差异之处。”

　　用于实验的狗的命运将由威斯苏森教授的工作来决定。他知道即使有一只能成功怀孕的狗，它的后代，如果能幸存下来，一出生就要面对其他克隆动物所面临的问题：像肺部和心脏发育不全造成的畸形以及体重问题等等。威斯苏森教授质问道，“在我们克隆动物的研究还没有接近成功时，为什么还想到要克隆人呢?”

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