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考研英语阅读所占分值高,比重大,是考生赢取高分必要攻克的一大题型。而要提高阅读能力,多练习多积累是必要途径。新东方在线小编汇总整合了一些列精选文章,希望考生勤加阅读,不断提升自己的阅读速度和理解能力。》》点击进入2015考研英语备考专题
2015年考研英语阅读精选:minority-owned businesses
Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities — as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.
Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.
Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get r
equests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.
A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.
Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often run the danger of becoming- and remaining-dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.
1. It can be inferred
from the text that, compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “some federal and local agencies” (line 9, paragraph 1) are
[A] more popular with large corporations.
[B] more concrete.
[C] less controversial.
[D] less expensive to enforce.
2. The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might causes it to
[A] experience frustration but not serious financial harm.
[B] face potentially crippling fixed expenses.
[C] have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government.
[D] increase its spending with minority subcontractors.
3. The primary purpose of the text is to
[A] present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.
[B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.
[C] propose a temporary solution to a problem.
[D] analyze a frequent source of disagreement.
4. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s assertion that, in the 1970’s, corporate response to federal requirements (line 1, paragraph 2) was substantial?
[A] Corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979.
[B] Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.
[C] The figures collected in 1977 underrepresented the extent of corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses.
[D] The $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 as did $77 million in 1972.
5. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?
[A] Annoyed by the proliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.
[B] Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.
[C] The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.
[D] Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible.
八月中下旬,暑期已经接近尾声。考生目前要关注2015年全国硕士研究生招生简章的发布以及2015年考研大纲发布,届时,新东方在线名师第一时间权威解析发布,请广大考生收藏关注!另有研究生专业目录、考研参考书等最新考研信息,帮助考生及时了解目标院校招生政策及信息。
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