2015考研英语阅读理解长难句解析50句（二）

　　考研英语阅读最难的就是长难句的理解，新东方在线小编整理了2015考研英语阅读理解长难句解析50句，希望考研考生可以通过长难句解析来提高考研英语阅读理解能力。

　　11. This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.

　　【结构分析】句中的定语从句out of which grows the hope..是完全倒装句。主语the hope of a society和定语where there will be.. .fear较长，置于动词grows之后。由于限制性定语从句out of which grows the hope., .of a society与主句关系紧密，所以采用融合法将This is the world...of a society译成一个单句。where引导的定语从句太长，可用后置法译成一个单句。

　　【语法难点】完全倒装句;插入语;where引导定语从句，此时不能用that。

　　【词汇知识】free from没有……的，免除……的;不受……拘束的 [同例]keep from避开;禁止;隐瞒;克制

　　【参考译文】这是历史上首次出现的一个给人以希望的世界。在这个世界上有希望诞生一个 没有贫困、没有暴力的社会。

　　12. Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition—a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.

　　【结构分析】句子主干为researchers think...and it comes down:。破折号后面的部分是answer的同位语;that could help是finding的定语从句。

　　【语法难点】同位语从句的分列式表达法。

　　【词汇知识】come down to归结为，涉及到，变为 rid...of使摆脱，使去掉 process v.加工，处理

　　【参考译文】为什么奶酪会比黄油更容易变质?一些研究者认为他们已经找到了答案，并将其归结为食物的构成，不是化学成分——这一发现能使有些加工食品不再使用化学防腐剂。

　　13. Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with inbuilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.

　　【结构分析】句子框架为"Children will play with dolls..., computers…will be regarded as workmates..., relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.",其中 equipped with personality chips 是做定语的分词短语，修饰 dolls

　　【语法难点】多重并列句。

　　【词汇知识】chip (砖、木等的)碎片;油煎土豆片;集成电路块;[计]芯片 inbuilt内置式的 rather than不是别的……而是(否定其后面的内容)

　　【参考译文】儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，那时数字化时代就来到了。

　　14. And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.

　　【结构分析】本句结构为形式主语it引导两个由that引导的并列主语。

　　【语法难点】原文中有三个被动语态is imagined, be compared和be required,.译成汉语变成主动表达：认为、相比和掌握。

　　【词汇知识】by no means决不，一点也不

　　by all means (表示同意)当然可以，没问题 by any means [口]用一切可能的方法或手段 by means of通过;.用;借助于

　　【参考译文】许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维活动相比，认为这些思维活动必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。

　　15. It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.

　　【结构分析】本句为it引导一个表语从句，表语从句为not that, but that连接的并列复合句中后置修饰语较多。

　　【语法难点】句型not that (不是)...but that (而是)...;代词的替代关系。

　　【词汇知识】the former (前者)...the latter (后者),

　　【参考译文】这并不是说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天秤在构造原理和工作方法上存在多少差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更为精密的仪器， 在计量上必然比前者准确得多。

　　16. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

　　【结构分析】How...performance为主语从句，depends upon为谓语动词。with which引导定语从句，修饰 skill and wisdom; which 指 skill and wisdom;在本句中 it 指代information。

　　【语法难点】主语从句;介词+which引导定语从句，其中介词一般取决于后面从句中的动词搭配或形容词搭配，或取决于先行词。

　　【词汇知识】validate vt.[律]使有效，使生效，确认，证实，验证 validity n.有效性，合法性，正确性

　　depend on/upon依靠;由……而定，取决于;从属于;依赖其维持 reliability n.可靠性;可信赖[比较]liability责任;倾向;债务 appropriate a.适当的

　　【参考译文】这些测试在多大程度上能被后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用的信息的数量、 可靠性和适应性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。

　　17. You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.

　　【结构分析】本句为带有三个由that引导的宾语从句的主从复合句。it为形式宾语，代替三个真正的宾语从句，句中有许多介词短语做状语。

　　【语法难点】it做形式宾语，常常代替后面的从句或不定式或分词短语;介词短语作为插入语放在句中时，常常用逗号将其与其他成分区分开来。

　　【词汇知识】induction and deduction归纳法和演绎法

　　extract... from从……中提取(拔出，抽出，提练，选取，摘录) build up逐步建立，逐步形成;发展，增大;加强;增强;增进

　　【参考译文】你们都多次听说过，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，而且从某种意义上来 说，他们依靠这种方法力求从自然界归纳出某些自然规律，然后根据这些规律， 用自己的某种非同一般的本领，建立起他们的理论。

　　18. It seems to me that the time is ripe for the Department of Employment and the Department of Education to get together with the universities and produce a revised educational system which will make a more economic use of the wealth of talent, application and industry currently being wasted on certificates, diplomas and degrees that no one wants to know about.

　　【结构分析】It seems to me that是系表结构，that实际上引导一个宾语从句。其中which引 导定语从句修饰system; being为分词短语做定语修饰wealth;最后一个that引导定语从句修饰前面的三个名词。

　　【语法难点】句型It seems to me that = I think;现在分词短语做后置定语。

　　【词汇知识】application申请;应用，运用;勤奋刻苦economic经济的;经济学的;可赚钱的;有利润的;节约的;合理的 revise vt.校阅;校订;修正;改变;温习;重温

　　【参考译文】我认为时机已成熟。就业部门和教育部门应同大学携起手来，修正我们的教育 制度，使之能比较合理地使用学生的才能、勤奋和刻苦。而现在他们这些才能和努力都浪费在无人感兴趣的证书、文凭和学位上。

　　19. Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.

　　【结构分析】本句属于比较结构，含有一个比较结构not so much...as “与其说……不如说”。 they say 为插入语。through the insights of great men of genius 和 because of more ordinary things 为两个状语。like improved techniques and tools 为介词短语做定语，修饰things.

　　【语法难点】插入语;比较结构not so much...as “与其说……不如说”。

　　【词汇知识】insight n.(常与into连用)洞察力;见识;洞察 genius n.天才;天赋;才华;天才人物

　　technique n.方法;技术;技巧;技艺 [比较]technology n.工艺，科技，技术

　　【参考译文】他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。

　　20. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect,extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.

　　【结构分析】现在分词短语Arguing...做原因状语，里面又有一个that从句做the view的同位语，逗号后面的that从句是一个宾语从句。

　　【语法难点】分词独立结构做状语;同位语从句;宾语从句。

　　【词汇知识】relevant a.有关的，相应的

　　extremist n.极端主义者，过激分子;极端主义(者)

　　【参考译文】这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑 道德问题。

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