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2015考研英语阅读理解长难句解析50句(三)

2014-08-20 10:40:40来源:新东方在线编辑整理

  考研英语阅读最难的就是长难句的理解,新东方在线小编整理了2015考研英语阅读理解长难句解析50句,希望考研考生可以通过长难句解析来提高考研英语阅读理解能力。

  21. There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.

  【结构分析】本题属于复合结构。句子框架是There is no agreement。whether...or...or引导的名词从句是agreement的同位语。在这个同位语从句中,methodologies后面跟着两个并列胃语,即prefers to...or (refers) to。peculiar to historical work appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry 都是形容词短语,分别修饰 concepts 和 research techniques。

  【语法难点】there be结构;whether...or...;形容词短语做后置定语。

  【词汇知识】technique方法,手段inquiry询问,调查,探究 peculiar to historical work 历史研究中特有的

  【参考译文】所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究的特有概念,还是指历史探究中适用于各个具体领域的研究手段,人们对此意见不一。

  22. In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great dealt attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods.

  【结构分析】本句结构为:介词短语+主句。主句中有一个局部倒装现象,即将more accurately 提前。

  【语法难点】因为句子的修饰关系使句子局部倒装。

  【词汇知识】focus A on B把A集中于B accurate a.准确的,精密的 status n.身份,地位,情形,状况 [比较]status雕像,.铸像,塑像

  stature身高,身材,(精神、道德的)高度

  【参考译文】在很大程度上,由于女权主义运动的缘故,史学家近年来汇聚了大量的注意力,来更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。

  23. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements (themselves made relatively easy nowadays) by modern means of transport.

  【结构分析】本题属于简单句,句子框架是stresses may occur because of...or problem arising from...arising from“由引起”,在句中做定语修饰problem。Additional social stresses不必逐字翻译,可转译成“对社会造成新的压力”。themselves指mass migration movement。因此括号里译成“使这种流动相对容易”。

  【语法难点】现在分词短语arising from...和过去分词短语made...做后置定语;

  【词汇知识】explosion n.爆发,发出,爆炸,[矿]煤气爆炸;激增 migration n.移民,移植,移往,移动

  【参考译文】由于人口的猛增或因现代的便利而带来的大量人口流动引发的种种问题也会对 社会造成新的压力。

  24. Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention andmemory.

  【结构分析】句子主干为Researchers have established that。第一个that引导宾语从句, 其中when引导时间状语从句;第二个that引导定语从句修饰changes, it指代 brain。

  【语法难点】因修饰关系使定语从句与先行词分割。

  【词汇知识】establish v.成立,建立,确立,证实,认可,安排,安置 mentally ad.精神上,智力上engage v.(常用被动语态)从事/着手,忙于(in)

  【参考译文】研究学者己经证实,当人们用脑时,大脑中会发生生化反应,使其在注意力和 记忆力这样的认知领域运作效率更高。

  25. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental.

  【结构分析】句子主干为It seems simple enough to...and to。It为形式主语,两个并列的动词不定式短语做真正的主语;acting on an organism是分词短语做定语修饰 forces;介词into后接两个并列成分those that,that从句为定语从句。

  【语法难点】it的用法;并列结构;翻译时可以先译真正主语,后译形式主语。

  【词汇知识】distinguish between区别action对……起作用,按…行动,作用于 internal a.内在的,国内的external a.外部的,客观的,外用的,外国的,表面的

  【参考译文】区分有机体与其周围环境,把作用于有机体的力分为内在的和生物的与外在的 和环境的,这似乎非常简单。

  26. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment.

  【结构分析】句子主干为we get into difficulties from。viewing后接两个并列的介词短语 “as…as”

  【语法难点】并列排比结构;from在本句中意思为“由于”;本句用逆序法翻译,按汉语习原因在前,结果在后。

  【词汇知识】get into difficulty陷入困境necessity n.必要性,需要,必需品

  view...as视作,认为

  【参考译文】有时,我们必须把文化看作人类的一部分,有时,则把它看作环境的一部分, 因此很容易陷入困境。

  27. Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today's young people, it naturally follows that today's English teachers cannot be doing their jobs.

  【结构分析】句子主干为“Since...(原因状语从句),it follows that...(主句)”从句中not...but rather意为“不是……而是”;主句中that引导宾语从句。

  【语法难点】状语从句中的并列结构。

  【词汇知识】perceive v.察觉,感知,感到,认识到 peculiar a.奇特的,罕见的,特殊的

  【参考译文】既然对英语水平下降的关注并不被看成是每一代都有的现象,而被看成是现在的年轻人特有的新现象,很自然,接下来就是责备今天的英语教师没有做好工作。

  28. Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person exceedingly uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.

  【结构分析】句子主干为 Should you break the rule..., you will make...and you are likely feel。从句是省略了 if的条件状语从句,并导致主谓倒装。

  【语法难点.】省略引导词if而引起的倒装结构;同时要注意主句的时态。

  【词汇知识】 break the rule违反规则 stare at盯着看,凝视 exceedingly ad.非常地,极度地feel strange觉得不舒服;觉得生疏(不习惯)

  【参考译文】假如你违背常规,在电梯中盯着一个陌生人,你会令别人极不舒服,而你自己可能也觉得有点不自在。

  29. The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers' respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger.

  【结构分析】句子主干为 the adoption may have indicated less about...than about句中比较结构less...than做动词indicated 的宾语。

  【语法难点】比较结构;less...than在句中译为“不是……而是”,或“与其说……不如说

  【词汇知识】adoption n.采用,收养[比较] adaption = adaptation适应,改编,改写本 indicate v.指出,显示,象征,预示,需要,简要地说明 risk sb. danger准备受某人责备。

  【参考译文】这一提议很快得到通过,(不是)与其说是出于国家立法者对劳动者的尊敬,(而是)不如说是因为害怕激起他们的愤怒。

  30. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.

  【结构分析】句子主干为we were impressed by the fact that。that从句为fact的同位语,其中who引导定语从句修饰patients。

  【语法难点】同位词通常为fact, news, belief, message, idea, Information, evidence等抽象名词。

  【词汇知识】be impressed by (at, with)被深深打动(感动) tell of讲述be aware of知道,意识到 potential a.潜在的,可能的

  【参考译文】给我们留下印象最深的是:即便没有告诉那些病人他们自己严重的病情,他们 也很清楚其潜在的后果。

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