2015考研英语阅读理解长难句解析50句（五）

　　考研英语阅读最难的就是长难句的理解，新东方在线小编整理了2015考研英语阅读理解长难句解析50句，希望考研考生可以通过长难句解析来提高考研英语阅读理解能力。

　　41. The key fact is that all three dictionaries can be seen to have a distinctly “cultural” as well as language learning content. That being said, the way in which they approach the cultural element is not identical, making direct comparisons between the three difficult.

　　【结构分析】第一句主干为the fact is that。第二句主干为the way.. .is not identical。That being said是分词独立主格结构，做让步状语;in which引导定语从句修饰the way; making...difficult是分词短语做状语，其中difficult做宾补，between the three 做状语，位置提前。

　　【语法难点】同位语从句;in which引导的定语从句;分词短语做状语。

　　【词汇知识】distinct a.清楚的，明显的，截然不同的，独特的

　　approach vt.接近，动手处理n.接近，走进，方法，步骤，途径

　　【参考译文】关键是这三本辞典都有独特的“文化的”内容和语言学习的内容，虽说如此，它们在处理文化因素的方式上却各不相同，这样，要想直截了当地对三者进行比较就不是件容易的事情。

　　42. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.

　　【结构分析】句子主干为 It is.. .that represents.. .and that poses

　　【语法难点】强调句的并列结构;翻译时注意被省略了的强调部分。

　　【词汇知识】impact n.碰撞，影响挤入(常与on连用)对……施加影响pose v.形成，引起，造成n.姿势，姿态

　　【参考译文〗计算机解决问题和做出决策的能力显示了它的巨大潜力，同时，这种能力也为人们预测它对社会的影响带来了最大的困难。

　　43. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits.

　　【结构分析】主句为computer criminals escape punishment。其前面为介词短语带一个性定语从句一起做状语，其后面为一分词短语做伴随状语。其中not only that...but also that引导两个并列句，做demand的宾语。

　　【语法难点】非限定性定语从句;分词短语做状语。

　　【词汇知识】lawbreaker犯法者

　　【参考译文】与其他违法者不一样的是计算机罪犯有时逃脱了惩罚，他们不但要求免于起诉而且还要求给予好的推荐及或许其他方面的好处。其他形式的违法者要么逃离到国外、畏罪自杀，要么必须进监狱。

　　44. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation.

　　【结构分析】句子主干为 It is important that...: if they are..., the speak assumes that...and either... or。It为形式主语，that they be为真正的主语;be looking at为虚拟语气;when the speaker为定语从句修饰moment; if they are为条件状语从句， 主句为 the speaker assumes that

　　【语法难点】形式主语;虚拟语气。

　　【词汇知识】resume n.摘要，概略，[美]履历“.再继续，恢复 terminate v.停止，结束，终止

　　【参考译文】重要的是，当说话者想再次与听众进行目光交流时，听众此刻要注视着说话者， 否则，说话者会以为听众对自己不感兴趣，因此他要么会停顿一下，直到目光重新在交流，要么就会结束谈话。

　　45. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.

　　【结构分析】句子主干为approach is known as。which means为非限定性定语从句修饰market concept; that.. .purchase为means的宾语从句，其中，从句中的主干为the makers and the dealers endeavor to find out。

　　【语法难点】非限定性定语从句。

　　【词汇知识】keep an eye on照看，留心瞧着，注意 endeavor v. , n.努力,尽力 go about着手做，从事

　　【参考译文】这种着眼于顾客的方法就称之为营销概念，简单的说就是生产商和经销商不是 旨在生产或出售最容易生产或转卖的产品，而是首先努力获悉顾客想买什么，然后再生产这些商品。

　　46. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can besettled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.

　　【结构分析】全句的主干为Expertise can be shared..., and problems can be settled。介词短语through做状语表方式;介词短语without做状语表伴随。

　　【语法难点】并列结构;伴随状语。

　　【词汇知识】expertise n.专家的意见，专门技术 teleconferencing 电信会议 in dispute在争论中;尚未解决

　　【参考译文】通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到 解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。

　　47. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

　　【结构分析】这是一个复合句，Social science...enquiry为主句。后面which引导的是定语从 句;从句中又有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰manner—词。

　　【语法难点】表语从句;定语从句。

　　【词汇知识】branch of intellectual enquiry知识探索的一个分支in the same…manner 以…的方式phenomena n.现象(phenomenon 的复数)

　　【参考译文】社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样, 理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。

　　48. As my own studies have advanced, I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem, at first glance, to constitute such an immense gulf between them.

　　【结构分析】本句为复合句,结构较为复杂。主句为I have been increasingly impressed。, 和and less so with构成并列结构。主句前的As引导一个时间状语从句; and less so with 其实是 I have been increasingly less impressed with 的省略形式, 去掉了与前面重复的成分;that引导一个定语从句修饰structural differences; at first glance为插入语。

　　【语法难点】复杂修饰，插入语，省略。

　　【词汇知识】increasingly ad. 日益，愈加 similarity n.类似，类似处 vertebrate n.脊椎动物 immense a.极广大的.，无边的

　　【参考译文】随着我的研究不断深入，我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功能类似性印象愈深刻，而对结构上的差异印象愈发淡漠，虽然这些结构上的差异初看上似乎构成了二者间一条无法逾越的鸿沟。

　　49. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

　　【结构分析】本题属于复合句。句子框架是it is obvious that...and that。it是形式主语that引导的是两个主语从句，由and连接起来。

　　【语法难点】形式主语;this指的是前面提到的efficiency,翻译时要重复一下，即“效率， 提高”。

　　【词汇知识】be bound up with与……有关系 in turn转而，反过来 rest upon 依靠，依赖

　　【参考译文】再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提髙则有赖于各种科技人员的努力。

　　50. In the early-industrialized countries of Europe，the process of industrialization with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.

　　【结构分析】本句主干为the process...was spread over。with。..followed介词短语做状语表伴随状态，其中that followed为定语从句修饰changes; whereas引导让步状语从句。

　　【语法难点】被动语态;定语从句;状语从句。

　　【词汇知识】far-reaching深远的，深刻的 spread over延续，持续 undergo 经历 whereas 然而

　　【参考译文】在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程及随之而来的各种深刻的社会 结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。

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