2015考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》马克罗和他的安全网

　　2015考研英语复习正是强化复习阶段，考研英语阅读在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。新东方名师范猛老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。

　　Lexington

　　莱克星顿

　　Marco Rubio and the safety net

　　马克罗·鲁比奥和他的安全网

　　The Republican Party should take the Floridasenator's ideas seriously

　　共和党应该把这位佛罗里达州议员的想法当真

　　MARCO RUBIO'S shoulder is sore. The juniorsenator from Florida has just had a cortisone injection to ease the pain from an old footballinjury. Congress is not short of square-jawed jocks. Given that politics often resembles aprofessional sport for the over-40s, this may be no coincidence. Mr Rubio, who won acollege football scholarship, is an extreme case: his autobiography contains 26 referencesto the Miami Dolphins. This mania for running back and forth can overshadow another,distinctly un-jock, interest of Mr Rubio's, which is in social policy.

　　马克罗·鲁比奥最近肩膀酸痛。这位来自佛罗里达的中年译员刚刚进行了可的松激素注射，以缓解身上因踢足球所受旧伤的疼痛。国会里从来不乏这种方颌运动健将。鉴于政治一向像是40多岁中年人踢的职业比赛，这也许并不是巧合。曾获得过大学足球奖学金的鲁比奥则是其中的极端典型，他的自传里提到迈阿密海豚队的次数高达26次。这种对运动场上跑动的狂热掩盖了鲁比奥另外一个显然不那么运动的兴趣，即对社会政策的关注。

　　Over the past few months, while many of his colleagues have devoted themselves tomauling the president, he has proposed a series of government interventions to improve thelot of cash-strapped Americans. His aim is to have bills ready to go if Republicans takecontrol of the Senate in November. This is not the first thing people associate with MrRubio, who came to national prominence when he defeated Florida's governor, Charlie Crist,in a Senate race in 2010. At the time he was described as the first Tea Party senator, whichimplied a desire to burn down government and pour salt on the ashes. This was mistaken.

　　过去的几个月里，在他的许多同事都投身于总统打压战时，鲁比奥却提出了一系列政府干预措施，以改善众多囊中羞涩的美国人的生活。在他的算盘中，如果共和党能够在11月份掌控参议院，这项议案也应当蓄势待发。但这不是人们提起鲁比奥时，最先联想起的事情。早在2010年，当他在参议员竞选中击败佛罗里达州州长查理·克里斯特时，鲁比奥就一战成名了。当时，他被描述成第一位茶党参议员。这个名号总让人觉得他想把政府一烧了之，还要在灰烬里撒盐以免其鬼魂为祸人间。但这其实只是误解。

　　Though Mr Rubio fitted the description of a young insurgent, his background is not that of ananti-government crusader. He first ran for public office aged 26, becoming a member of thecity commission in West Miami, a town of 6,000 people. His tenure is remembered, if at all,for the introduction of a bicycle-mounted policeman. When Alberto Gutman, a state senatorof distinctively Floridian heritage (he described himself as “Jewban”: ie, Jewish and Cuban)was indicted for a distinctively Floridian crime (Medicare fraud), opening up positionsfurther down the food chain, Mr Rubio was elected to the statehouse aged just 28. His nineyears there were mostly spent turning the agenda of Jeb Bush, a centrist Republicangovernor, into law. He also showed a wonkish streak, travelling around the state holdingrather earnest-sounding “idea-raisers”: 100 proposals that emerged from them weresubsequently turned into a book.

　　尽管鲁比奥很符合年轻异见者的形象，但他的背景却远不是那种反政府圣战士的标配。26岁时，他第一次竞选官职，成为了拥有6000万人口的西迈阿密城市委员会中的一员。如果他的任期中有值得铭记的事情，那一定是自行车骑警队伍的建立。28岁那年，因为很有佛罗里达特色的州议员阿尔贝托· 古特曼被以很有佛罗里达特色的罪名—医保欺诈—控告，为其下属腾出了席位，鲁比奥被选入州议会。他在这里工作了九年，绝大多数时间是把中立派民主党州长杰布·布什的议程付诸于法。他还展示出了他的书呆子潜质，曾真诚地打着“集中民智”的旗号，游历全州。征集到的百条提案随后都被出书。

　　When he arrived in the Senate Mr Rubio was hailed as a future saviour of a Republican Partystruggling to appeal to Hispanic voters, on the basis that his parents had left Cuba in 1956.An already difficult task was made harder when he had a fight with Univision, the biggestSpanish-language network, in 2011. It became impossible when House Republicansdeclined to consider an immigration reform bill that Mr Rubio, along with three otherRepublicans and four Democrats, had put his name to. He has since concluded that a law toaddress the 12m undocumented migrants in the country will be impossible until the borderis secure and the criteria for deciding who gets to come change from prioritising familyreunification to favouring workers.

　　他一进入参议院，就被看做共和党未来的救星，因为共和党正在努力吸引西班牙裔选民，而父母在1956年离开古巴的鲁比奥自然吃香。但2011年，当鲁比奥与美国最大的西班牙语网站环球电视台展开口角时，这一本就艰难的任务变得难上加难。而当众议院的共和党人拒绝考虑鲁比奥、三名其他共和党人士和四名民主党人士签署的移民改革法案时，希望彻底破灭。自此，鲁比奥得出了一个结论，即除非边境安全得到确保，以及移民标准不再致力于让家庭重新团圆而是更加偏爱工人，解决国内1200万未登记移民问题的法律是不可能被通过的。

　　This will not win over the voters that the GOP had hoped Mr Rubio would magically deliver:even young Cubans, who have long stood out among Latinos for their attachment to theRepublican Party, have started to switch their loyalties to the Democrats. On climatechange, too, Mr Rubio is hardly a breath of fresh air. Most scientists, he says, agree that manis to blame, but he sees no point in imposing heavy economic costs on Americans foruncertain benefits.

　　但这也不能争取到大老党希望鲁比奥施展魔力吸引到的选民群们，长期以来，连拉美裔中一直因为亲近共和党而格外显眼的古巴年轻人群，都开始转而向民主党效忠。在气候变化问题上，鲁比奥也难以让人耳目一新。尽管他也承认，大多数科学家都认为人类就是气候变化的罪魁祸首，但却并无意为了不确定的利益，让美国人担起沉重的经济代价。

　　If Mr Rubio is going to rescue his party from anything it is from an overly narrow view ofwhat government ought to do. Both Mr Rubio's parents worked at low-wage jobs—his fatheras a bartender, his mother at Kmart—but were able to provide a life for him and his siblingsthat was within touching distance of the middle class. In the years since then, he argues, amixture of globalisation and automation have held down wages for low-skilled workers,making it harder for people without university degrees to repeat what his own parentsmanaged to do.

　　如果鲁比奥真的要拯救共和党，那就必须改变其党派对政府职能过度狭隘的观点。鲁比奥的父母都是低薪工作者，他的父亲是一位酒保，而母亲则在零售商店凯马特中工作，但父母两人却能够为鲁比奥及其兄弟姐妹提供媲美中产阶级的生活。然而，鲁比奥认为，自那以后，全球化和自动化压低了技艺水平较低的工人的工资，使得没有大学学历的工人越来越重演鲁比奥父母的故事。

　　Mr Rubio has various proposals for addressing this, including a federal wage subsidy to topup the incomes of the low-paid. He wants to help more students go to college, but also thinksthe federal government should experiment with hiring people without degrees forwhite-collar work, as an example to other employers. Some of these ideas are unlikely tofly, such as a scheme to allow students to sell a share of their future income in exchangefor money to fund tuition up front. But they show an urge to innovate that the GOP'sCongressional wing has been missing.

　　对此，鲁比奥提出了不同议案，包括一项联邦工资补贴，来补贴低收入者的工资水平。他想要帮助更多的学生就读大学，但与此同时，他认为联邦政府也应当试着雇佣没有大学学历的人群来从事白领工作，以为其他的雇主带个好头。但鲁比奥的有些构想是不可能有前途的，比如他曾计划让学生放弃一部分未来的收入，以预先用来支付学费。尽管如此，这些想法仍然展现了共和党在国会中缺失的一种创新欲望。

　　Does a safety net give people courage to soar?

　　安全网会让美国人更加勇敢地高飞吗?

　　This is daring stuff in the context of today's Republican Party because it envisages a role forgovernment that many conservatives would find distasteful. Where Republican orthodoxysuggests saving poor people from welfare dependency by mercifully reducing the amount ofmoney they receive, Mr Rubio aims to cut welfare spending by reducing the demand for it,keeping funding at the same level but handing anti-poverty programmes over to the statesto figure out what works. “I don't take my children to the circus very often,” he says, “butwhen I do I have noticed that acrobats tend to be much more daring when they have asafety net beneath them.” Such support “is essential for the success of the free enterprisesystem”.

　　鲁比奥代表了当今共和党派中富有胆识的一派，因为他们为政府构想的职能，是许多保守党派深觉反感的。当共和党中的老派人士建议通过仁慈地降低福利水平，以拯救穷人对福利项目的依赖时，鲁比奥却计划通过降低需求来减少福利开支，将补助水平维持原有标准不改变的同时，把反贫困项目下放到各州，来找出其中有效的方案。他说：“我并不经常带小孩去马戏团，不过有时候去，我注意到当下面有安全网时，杂技演员会更勇敢。”因此，这样的支持“对自由企业体制的成功至关重要”。

　　It is hard to imagine some other Republicans with presidential ambitions saying anything likethat. Senators Rand Paul of Kentucky and Ted Cruz of Texas, for example, often give theimpression that the only thing standing between America and a restoration of the upwardlymobile society of the 1950s is a more faithful interpretation of the constitution. Mr Rubiois only 43, so he is probably not experienced enough to take on Hillary Clinton in 2016. Butright now he is the most effective standard-bearer for conservatives who worry more aboutreducing poverty and long-term unemployment than about waging culture wars and cuttingincome tax. Whoever wins in November, these thoughts are worth taking seriously.

　　很难想象其他有志成为总统的共和党人士会说出这样的话。举个例子，肯塔基州的参议员保罗·兰德和德克萨斯州的特德·克鲁兹常常给人的印象就是，挡在美国和复兴上个世纪五十年代处在上升时期的移动社会之间的唯一阻碍，就是对宪法更为诚实的解读。鲁比奥今年仅有43岁，因此他的资历也许不足以使他在2016年接替希拉里·克林顿。但就目前而言，他是保守党最具效率的旗手，因为比起发动战争和减少个人所得税，现在的保守党显然更担忧减少贫困和降低长期失业率的问题。不管在11月份谁将笑到最后，鲁比奥的想法都值得认真考虑。

　　词语解释

　　1.take control of 控制，掌管，托管

　　Projection takes place with a minimum ofawareness or conscious control.

　　投射在最少的知觉或意识控制下发生。

　　Projection takes place with a minimum ofawareness or conscious control.

　　投射在最少的知觉或意识控制下发生。

　　2.burn down 烧为平地

　　You figure to burn down the Commissioner's, Mr.Frank?

　　您真想把专员府烧了，弗兰克先生?

　　The play's villain throws away the news that the house has Burned down.

　　剧中的恶棍把房子被烧掉了的消息抛到了脑后。

　　3.open up 打开;开业;开拓

　　It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box.

　　一个工人突然想起打开箱子年个究竟。

　　The doctor opened up his stomach to get at the source of the trouble.

　　医生给他的胃开了刀，以便找出病根。

　　4.struggle to 艰难地行进;斗争

　　At all events, we will carry the struggle to the end.

　　无论如何，我们要将斗争进行到底。

　　We had a struggle to stop the criminal.

　　我们为截住罪犯进行了搏斗。

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