2015考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：中国专利

　　2015考研英语复习正是强化复习阶段，考研英语阅读在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。新东方名师范猛老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。

　　Chinese patents

　　中国专利

　　Ever more inventive

　　越来越具创造性

　　Mainland companies are building up theirintellectual property

　　内地企业正在建立自己的知识产权

　　CHINA'S leaders see patents as rungs on theladder to becoming an innovation powerhouse. So in five-year plans and through subsidiesand official exhortations, they have encouraged locals to file patents. And locals haveresponded with gusto. Two years ago China's patent office became the world's busiest.Sceptics have scoffed that most of those filed are “utility model” patents—short-term onesgranted for relatively trivial ideas, as opposed to proper “invention” patents—and that fewChinese inventors have won patents in countries where standards are higher.

　　中国的领导人们认为，专利便是通往创新大国那扶梯上的横档。因此，不论是在五年计划里，还是经由种种补贴和官方规诫，他们一直鼓励国人申请专利，而国人也对此颇为捧场，两年前，中国专利局一跃成为世界上最繁忙的专利机构。怀疑论者对这些专利嗤之以鼻，他们认为，大多数人申请的都是“实用新型”专利，与正式的“发明”专利不同，这类短期专利价值不高。而且，对那些专利门槛颇高的国家而言，很少有中国发明人能入其法眼。

　　Many patents, it is also argued, are exercises in quota-filling by academics, with no hope ofcommercialisation. In short, these patents are a sham. Not quite, argues the UN's WorldIntellectual Property Organisation (WIPO). A new study scrutinises Chinese patents andconcludes that a small but rapidly growing proportion are up to world standards.

　　也有另一种说法称，许多专利是学者们纯粹为了定量完成任务而练手的结果，并没有将其商业化的期许。说白了，这些都是伪专利。不过在联合国世界知识产权组织(WIPO)看来，也非尽然如此。一项审视中国专利的新研究得出结论，称其占比虽小，但迅速增长的比例已达到世界标准。

　　The WIPO included only patents filed by Chinese residents—that is, those with a Chineseaddress—who filed their patents first on the mainland. So, inventions by the Shanghai labsof GE or Philips are not included, since Western multinationals typically file first in America orEurope. Foxconn, a manufacturing goliath controlled by Hon Hai of Taiwan, is included in thestudy because, unlike other Taiwanese firms, it resides in China and files its patents first onthe mainland.

　　世界知识产权组织仅将中国居民申请的专利列入统计—这包含两个概念：申请人居住在中国，且是在内地首次注册专利。而由于西方跨国公司通常会先在美国或欧洲申请专利，通用和飞利浦的上海实验室做出的发明便不包括在统计之列。之所以台湾鸿海集团旗下的制造业巨擘富士康包括在此项研究之内是因为和其他台商不同，它的驻地在中国，且是在内地首次注册专利。

　　The findings challenge conventional wisdom in several ways. Not only do they show thatthe number of Chinese patents filed abroad is rising sharply (see chart). They also show that,since 2003, most of these have been invention patents, not utility-model ones.

　　该研究结果在许多方面挑战了传统认知。他们不仅表明在国外申请的中国专利数量急剧上升。还表明自2003年以来，这些专利大部分都是费了番脑子的发明，而非中看不中用的“实用新型”绣花枕头。

　　Finally, the firms topping the rankings of foreign patent applications are also revealing.Some, like Huawei and ZTE, are unsurprising: 29% of all foreign filings from 2005 to 2009were in information and communications technology. Lenovo comes in at 16th. Others, likeSinopec in oil and gas, and BYD in batteries, suggest the energy industry is rising.

　　而值得注意的是，国外专利申请排名靠前的公司也慢慢冒头。华为和中兴之类的企业跻身其中不足为奇：2005至2009年，源自信息和通信技术行业的专利申请占国外专利市场的29%。联想位列第16位。而出现在名单上的其他公司，像石油和天然气领域的中石化，以及电池行业的比亚迪，都意味着能源产业的崛起。

　　The surprise is that three of the top five spots are held by divisions of Foxconn. By 2012 it hadfiled more than 12,000 patents abroad, in areas from electrical machinery to computertechnology to audio-video technology. A firm some scorn as a low-tech sweatshop turns outto be a model of invention.

　　出人意料的是，名单上排名前五的公司有三位是由富士康的部门占据。至2012年为止，富士康已在国外申请超过12000项专利，覆盖面从电机到计算机技术，再到音视频技术。被一些人所轻视的低技术含量的血汗工厂到头来居然是发明界的典范。

　 词语解释

　　1.build up 逐步建立;增进

　　It is triggered when electrical charges build up instorm clouds.

　　电荷在积雨云中聚积起来就会触发闪电。

　　Familiarity takes time to build up.

　　熟悉度的建立需要时间。

　　2.encourage to 鼓励

　　A joint venture is encourage to market its product outside china.

　　我们鼓励合资企业在中国之外的市场上销售其产品。

　　I encourage to join the list and contribute your thoughts to the project.

　　我鼓励您加入这个列表，并提供您对这个项目的想法。

　　3.respond with 回复

　　When pirates attack, these armed guards respond with flares or warning shots.

　　当海盗袭击的时候，这些武装好警卫用火焰或闪光镜头恐吓他们。

　　Today, you need to respond with agility to rising issues and changes.

　　但是你需要对出现的问题和发生的变化作出快速响应。

　　4.oppose to 反对

　　Oppose to the building height restriction in the district.

　　反对区内建筑物高度限制。

　　Sublimity and tragedy forces the ugliness to describe justice and progress, and ugliness doesnot oppose to the art of beauty.

　　崇高艺术、悲剧艺术迫使丑随同美一道体现正义与进步，丑艺术则没有美与丑的对抗。

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