2015考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：法国商业 由外到内

　　2015考研英语复习正是强化复习阶段，考研英语阅读在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。新东方名师范猛老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。

　　French business

　　法国商业

　　Outside in

　　由外到内

　　France just might be growing more tolerant ofdisruptive outsider

　　法国也许会对外来的破坏分子越发纵容

　　THE French do have a word for “entrepreneur”,pace George Bush, and more than 500,000 new businesses in 2013 to prove it. What theystruggle to translate precisely is “outsider”.

　　在法国有一个词是用来描述“企业家”的，在乔治·布什的书籍《步伐》中，以及在2013年有超过五十万的新业务证明了这一点。而他们难以用精确的语言来翻译的这个词语便是“外来者”。

　　Patrick Drahi, a Moroccan-born, Swiss-resident, Franco-Israeli billionaire who has just won abitter takeover battle for SFR, a telecoms operator, happens to be both. It was a strikingvictory over the Bouygues family, a powerful industrial clan at the heart of theestablishment, who were backed by a clutch of other well-connected family businesses, astate investment agency, a big union, and above all by the industry minister, ArnaudMontebourg. This is quite a feat in a country where disruptive newcomers have rarely beenmade welcome at the big-business high table.

　　帕特里克·德拉希，一位摩洛哥出生，定居于瑞士的以籍法裔亿万富翁，于不久前赢得了一场发生在收购SFR的恶战,SFR是一家电信运营商。这是一场出人意料的战役，因为它战胜了布依格家族，这个强大工业帝国的核心，是由以众多其他出生名门的家族企业为靠山构成的，它不仅拥有政府投资，而且拥有一个巨大的联盟，其中以工业部部长，Arnaud Montebourg为首。在一个具有破坏性的外来者在大企业的谈判桌上是不被欢迎的国家，这是一个相当了不起的壮举。

　　Mr Drahi attributes his win to the simple fact that his was a better project than BouyguesTelecom's, and logic prevailed. Others argue that the board of Vivendi, the media group thatwas selling SFR, is stiff with unusually independent-minded men whose backs were put upby the public pressure that the Bouygues family and their chums brought to bear.

　　Drahi把他的胜利归结为一个简单的原因：他比布依格电信公司拥有更周全的计划，因此理应胜利。还有一些人认为这是因为试图出售SFR的维旺迪董事会(Vivendi SA;又译威望迪，前名为维旺迪环球(VivendiUniversal)是法国一家巨型媒体跨国集团。业务范围包括音乐、电视、电影、出版、电信、互联网和电子游戏等行业。)出人意料的是因为无党派人士背后有布依格家族以及其同盟所施加的社会压力。

　　Even so, it is not implausible to see in it the beginnings of a sea-change in Frenchcapitalism. The long-standing assumption that with the state's blessing, the destinies ofentire industries should be overseen by a charmed circle of interconnected people from thegrandes ecoles and the haute bourgeoisie seems to be wearing thinner these days. One line inMr Drahi's CV implies he is part of that circle—he attended the elite ecolePolytechnique—but rather than continuing on the usual route via public service and politics tothe top of a giant French corporation, the son of humble Moroccan teachers pursued arather Anglo-Saxon career as a buyer, seller and stitcher-together of cable and telecomscompanies around the globe, alongside buy-out firms.

　　即便如此，法国资本主义史上这样一个如此重大的变革依然是令人难以置信的。一个长期存在的猜想就是在国家的庇佑下，法国整个实业的前途应该是在一些来自grandes ecoles以及haute bourgeoisie(法国中产阶级上层)的互通有无排外团体的严密监管之下的，这些些日子，他们看起来似乎衣着单薄。从Drahi先生的简历看来他似乎也是也是这个团体之中的一部分——因为他参与了整个的法国高等工商学院的整个精英班的学习——但是比起沿着通过公共服务以及政治活动等成为法国的巨头企业这一条寻常之路，这位摩洛哥普通老师的儿子追随了盎格鲁-撒克逊的道路作为一个买家，卖家和有线电视遍布全球的电信公司，他与全面收购并驾齐驱。

　　Not many such disruptive outsiders have risen to the very top, but there are a few. One isXavier Niel, founder of Iliad Group, a mobile-phone operator that has grown fast bydrastically undercutting its rivals' prices. The co-owner these days of Le Monde, a newspaper,and partner of the daughter of Bernard Arnault, boss of LVMH, a luxury group, Mr Niel isbeing clasped to the establishment's bosom. Another iconoclast is Jacques-Antoine Granjon,the billionaire co-founder of an early online-retail business, Vente-privee.com.

　　并没有很多这样具有颠覆性的局外人达到如此顶端之高度，但也不是没有。其中之一便是XavierNiel，Iliad Group的创始人，一位增长迅猛与竞争对手议价能力极高的移动电话运营商。这些日子他成为了《世界报》的合伙人以及LVMH这个奢侈品集团老板Bernard Arnault女儿的合伙人，Niel先生已经紧紧扣住了当权者的心扉。另一个打破常规的人便是Jacques-Antoine Granjon，这位亿万富翁是Vente-privee.com.这个早期网上零售商的共同创始人。

　　More shaking-up is on the cards. France's business climate is changing as its flagshipcompanies go global. Some are now run by foreigners—for example, Sanofi, apharmaceuticals giant with a German chief executive, its first non-French boss. Others haveshifted senior management overseas: Essilor, the world leader in corrective lenses, is mainlyoverseen from Texas these days. And foreign investors, with their Anglo-Saxon expectationsof corporate governance, own around half the shares of the biggest firms, the CAC-40.

　　巨变即将来临。当其旗舰企业走向国际的时候法国商业环境就已变化。其中一些企业现在还是由外国人经营的，例如Sanofi，这家制药业巨头有一个德国的首席执行官，这是非法籍人士的首次担任公司最高层。其他的一些公司也开始雇佣外籍人员作为公司高管：Essilor，矫正视力业内的领头羊，大体上已经处于特克萨斯州的监管下了。并且外国的投资者带着盎格鲁-撒克逊的法人管理期望值，大约拥有这家最大公司一半的一半份额，从CAC-40指数来看。

　　There is another reason, too, why France is set to become more open to entrepreneurs,outsiders and disrupters. “France's back is to the wall economically,” says Mr Drahi, “President Hollande has realised that only enterprises create jobs and Manuel Valls, the newprime minister, is already pushing that line.” Just as Fran?ois Mitterrand, elected president in1981 on an intensely socialist platform, had to change tack to woo back business and savethe economy, so Fran?ois Hollande has begun to do the same. Among the 1980s returners,from self-imposed exile in America, was Mr Arnault, a disruptive force in his day. Helped bythe French state, he acquired the kernel of what was to become the world's largest luxurygroup.

　　同时还有另一个原因，为什么法国对于企业家、外来者、以及颠覆者的设定变得更加开放。“法国背靠经济墙，” Drahi先生说道“奥朗德总统已经实现了只要企业能够创造了就业机会并且Manuel Valls，这位新总理已经在推广这条线。”正如Fran?ois Mitterrand，于1981年在强烈的社会主义平台中竞选总统，认为必须改变策略招商引资以挽救经济，所以奥朗德也开始着手做同样的事情。在十九世纪八十年代的在美国自我放逐的回归者中，是Arnault先生，一个破坏者，得到了法国的帮助，由此他获得了世界最大奢侈品集团的核心。

　　词语解释

　　1.rise to 上升到

　　In 2008, global consumers squealed when chinesedemand caused commodity prices to rise to recordlevels.

　　在2008年，当中国需求推动大宗商品价格升至历史高位时，全球消费者叫苦不迭。

　　Of course, china's rise to gdp second place is muchmore a function of size than success.

　　当然，中国gdp名次升至第二位更多的是由于规模效应，而不是成就的体现。

　　2.happen to 碰巧;赶巧

　　I happen to know of a few good ones!

　　我碰巧知道有那么几本不错的!

　　If you happen to have one at home then don't ignore it.

　　如果你家中碰巧有一个，那么别忽视它。

　　3.clutch of 一批，一群

　　A clutch of other concessions would also be looked at.

　　一批其他特许权也会如此。

　　The prime minister was there with a clutch of cabinet ministers.

　　首相和一群内阁部长都在那里。

　　4.seem to 似乎

　　But you don't seem to think so.

　　但你似乎不这么看。

　　The problem doesn't seem to be price.

　　价格似乎并不是问题所在。

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