2015考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：动物实验 善待小鼠

　　2015考研英语复习正是强化复习阶段，考研英语阅读在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。新东方名师范猛老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。

　　Animal testing

　　动物实验

　　Be nice to mice

　　善待小鼠

　　and they may return the favour

　　或许它们会报以恩情

　　ONLY one drug of every ten successfully tested in laboratory animals ends up working inpeople.

　　在动物实验中测试成功的药物中仅仅有十分之一最终被用于人类。

　　One reason, of course, is that mice are not men.

　　其中一个原因显然是老鼠与人有本质的不同。

　　Another, though, might have to do with the fact that whereas human patients are afforded allmanner of creature comforts, their animal proxies are not.

　　另一个原因则是人类患者会得到无微不至的照顾与舒适的环境，而被用于实验的动物则不会。

　　Although medical science's favourite critters relish temperatures of a little over 30°C,laboratories routinely keep them at five or ten degrees below that.

　　药物科学中饲养动物的最适温度略高于30°C，然而，在实验室中，它们所处的温度通常比最适温度低五到十摄氏度。

　　This is not in order to torture the beasts but, rather, because when kept warm they areunmanageably aggressive.

　　这样做并不是有意虐待动物，而是因为在温暖的环境中，动物具有不可控制的攻击性。

　　The downside is that they have to eat more than they otherwise would, in order to keep theirbodies warm.

　　降温饲养的不足之处是动物为了保持体温会吃掉比平常更多的食物。

　　That changes their physiology.

　　这样会影响动物的生理机能，

　　And that in turn alters the way they metabolise drugs, with possibly confusing results.

　　从而改变它们对药物的代谢情况，以至于产生令人困惑的实验结果。

　　Joseph Garner, of Stanford University, thinks the answer is to keep the labs cool,

　　斯坦福大学的约瑟夫加纳认为解决这个问题的办法是保持实验室里较低的温度，

　　but let mice cope with the low temperatures as they do in their natural habitat: not by eatingmore but by building nests.

　　但是让小鼠的自然习性—筑建巢穴，而非吃更多的食物—来应对低温。

　　So far, though, no one has a clear idea of how much nesting material is needed to keep micehappy.

　　可是到目前为止，人们还不能确定提供多少筑巢材料才能使小鼠保持良好的状态。

　　Dr Garner and his colleagues therefore decided to find out.

　　然而，加纳博士和他的同事决心找出答案，

　　They have just reported their results in the Public Library of Science.

　　不久前他们将实验结果发表在《公共科学图书馆》杂志上。

　　Dr Garner and his team let each of their mice, 36 males and as many females from threestrains commonly used in trials, roam free in two cages connected by a narrow tube.

　　加纳博士和他的团队将36只雄鼠与同等数量的雌鼠置于由一条细管道连接的两只笼子里，并让它们自由活动，这些小鼠来自临床试验中常用的三个种系。

　　One cage was kept constant at one of six temperatures between 20°C and 35°C.

　　其中一只笼子保持在20°C到35°C之间指定的六个温度中的一个;

　　The other was maintained at 20°C but was stocked with up to ten grams of finely shreddedpaper, which the mice could use to weave a nest.

　　另一个则维持在20°C，但其中填入了10克经精心加工过的碎纸屑。

　　The idea was to check whether the animals would rather build a nest in the cooler cage ormove to the warmer one, possibly tugging nesting material along with them strand bystrand.

　　此举是为了观察这些小动物会在较冷笼子里建一个巢穴，还是会通过管道爬至较暖和的笼子中，甚至还可能不辞辛苦地将这些筑巢材料一点一点地带过去。

　　The researchers found that the rodents' preferences varied slightly between strains, as wellas between sexes, confirming that there is no single set of conditions in which all mice feelcosy.

　　研究人员发现这些啮齿动物的喜好随着种系和性别的不同而有轻微的改变。此项结果表明，并没有单一的一套环境条件能让所有的小鼠感到舒适。

　　In general, though, with little nesting material around, the animals laboriously carried strandsof paper over to the warmer spot, one or two at a time.

　　不过通常情况下，在周围没有筑巢材料时，小鼠们会勤劳地将纸屑一点一点地运到更暖和的笼子里，

　　But leave at least six grams of paper in the chilly cage, and many mice will prefer instead tobrave the cold and build a nest there.

　　但会在较冷笼子里留下至少6克的纸屑。而且许多小鼠会勇于面对寒冷，并在那里筑起自己的家。

　　That seems a small price to pay for better drug trials.

　　如此情况下，为了更好的进行药物试验，这已算是极小的代价了。

　　词语解释

　　1.end up 结束;最终成为

　　I don't know how this will end up.

　　我不知道这件事将以何种方式结束。

　　It may end up having the opposite effect.

　　这或许会以适得其反而告终。

　　2.in order to 为了

　　In order to focus effectively, reverse the order.

　　为了有效地专注，将工作顺序反过来。

　　He arranged the accident in order to fake his own death.

　　他策划了这次事故以便造成他自己死亡的假象。

　　3.cope with 处理,处置

　　How will they cope with the huge psychological pressures?

　　他们将如何应付巨大的心理压力呢?

　　And the algorithm could not cope with that.

　　但该算法无法处理这种连续的信息。

　　4.need to 需要 必须

　　We need to stop trade protectionism.

　　我们需要制止贸易保护主义。

　　Three things need to happen.

　　我们必须做好三件事。

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