2015考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：纳米技术 生物工厂

　　2015考研英语复习正是强化复习阶段，考研英语阅读在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。新东方名师范猛老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。

　　Nanotechnology

　　纳米技术

　　A fab result

　　生物工厂

　　A novel way of making computer memories, usingbacteria

　　制造计算机存储器的新奇方法：使用细菌

　　FOR half a century, the essence of progress in the computer industry has been to do morewith less.

　　半个世纪以来，计算机产业发展的本质就是花钱更少，成事更多。

　　Moore's law famously observes that the number of transistors which can be crammed into agiven space doubles every 18 months.

　　摩尔定律的著名论断是：能够放入某空间内的晶体管数量每18个月翻一番。

　　The amount of data that can be stored has grown at a similar rate.

　　储存的数据也有着类似的增长速率，

　　Yet as components get smaller, making them gets harder and more expensive.

　　但是随着部件越来越小，它们的制造难度和成本也逐渐增加。

　　On May 10th Paul Otellini, the boss ofIntel, a big American chipmaker, put the price of a new chip factory at around $10 billion.

　　5月10日，美国芯片巨头因特尔总裁兼CEOPaul Otellini宣布将花费上百亿美元建设新工厂。

　　Happily for those that lack Intel's resources, there may be a cheaper option—namely tomimic Mother Nature, who has been building tiny devices,

　　对于不像因特尔那么有钱的厂家的好消息是，他们或许可以选择更便宜的方式—模拟大自然。

　　in the form of living cells and their components, for billions of years, and has thus got rathergood at it.

　　对于大自然来说，她建造微小设备已经有数十亿年了，所以自然是信手拈来，当然，这些设备都是以活细胞和其组份的形式呈现。

　　A paper published in Small, a nanotechnology journal, sets out the latest example of thetechnique.

　　发表在纳米技术期刊《微小》的一篇论文描述了这一新技术的示例，

　　In it, a group of researchers led by Sarah Staniland at the University of Leeds, in Britain,describe using naturally occurring proteins to make arrays of tiny magnets, similar to thoseemployed to store information in disk drives.

　　该技术团队由英国利兹大学的Sarah Staniland领导，他们用自然生成的蛋白质让微型磁性材料进行排列，这与磁盘驱动器上储存信息的磁性材料排序是类似的。

　　The researchers took their inspiration from Magnetospirillum magneticum, a bacteriumthat is sensitive to the Earth's magnetic field thanks to the presence within its cells offlecks of magnetite, a form of iron oxide.

　　研究人员从趋磁细菌上获得了灵感，由于该细菌内部存在磁性颗粒，所以对地球磁场非常敏感。

　　Previous work has isolated the protein that makes these miniature compasses. Usinggenetic engineering, the team managed to persuade a different bacterium—Escherichiacoli, a ubiquitous critter that is a workhorse of biotechnology—to manufacture thisprotein in bulk.

　　他们先要把制造这种微型罗盘的蛋白质分离出来，并采用基因工程技术设法让另一种细菌—大肠杆菌来批量生产这种蛋白质，而大肠杆菌在生物体内普遍存在，是生物工程中的常用苦力。

　　Next, they imprinted a block of gold with a microscopic chessboard pattern of chemicals.

　　然后他们用化学方法绘制微小的棋盘图案，并把图案的每一块染成金黄色，

　　Half the squares contained anchoring points for the protein.

　　每块区域的一半用该蛋白质做固定点，

　　The other half were left untreated as controls.

　　另一半不做任何处理作为对照，

　　They then dipped the gold into a solution containing the protein, allowing it to bind to thetreated squares, and dunked the whole lot into a heated solution of iron salts.

　　再把这些金黄色的棋盘浸入含蛋白质的溶液中，并允许溶液中的蛋白质与棋盘上的固定蛋白质结合，最后把该棋盘全部浸入加热的铁盐溶液中。

　　After that, they examined the results with an electron microscope.

　　他们再用电子显微镜观察实验结果，

　　Sure enough, groups of magnetite grains had materialised on the treated squares,shepherded into place by the bacterial protein.

　　果然，棋盘上的固定蛋白质区域产生了成群的磁铁颗粒，并由细菌蛋白质控制在相应位置。

　　In principle, each of these magnetic domains could store the one or the zero of a bit ofinformation, according to how it was polarised.

　　基本上每个磁域都能按极化的方式存储一个字节信息的1或0。

　　Getting from there to a real computer memory would be a long road.

　　但是要制成真正的计算机存储器还有很长的路要走，

　　For a start, the grains of magnetite are not strong enough magnets to make a usefulmemory, and the size of each domain is huge by modern computing standards.

　　首先对于可用的存储器来说，那些磁铁颗粒的磁性还不够强大，并且每个区域的尺寸对现在计算机标准来说太大了。

　　But Dr Staniland reckons that, with enough tweaking, both of these objections could be dealtwith.

　　但Staniland认为，只要做些足够的调整，那些困难都将不是问题。

　　The advantage of this approach is that it might not be so capital-intensive as building a fab.

　　这种方法的好处就是不用像因特尔那样如此资源密集地去建造新工厂，在制造不断发展的产品时也不需要同样多的设备，

　　Growing things does not need as much kit as making them. If the tweaking could be done,therefore, the result might give the word biotechnology a whole new meaning.

　　所以，如果这种调整可以成功的话，生物技术将会有一个全新的定义。

　　词语解释

　　1.be crammed into 被塞进

　　It's dangerous for too many people to be crammedinto a bus.

　　公共汽车超载人员是危险的。

　　It's dangerous for so many people to be crammedinto one bus.

　　这么多人挤上一辆公车是很危险的?

　　2.set out 动身;出发;着手

　　When setting out on a long walk, always wear suitable boots.

　　每次出发远行，都要穿合适的鞋子。

　　He has achieved what he set out to do three years ago...

　　他已经实现了他3年前的奋斗目标。

　　3.sensitive to 敏感的

　　India is highly sensitive to chinese activities in nepal.

　　印度对中国在尼泊尔的活动高度敏感。

　　Universities are extremely sensitive to such changes in enrolment, which directly affectrevenues.

　　大学对于注册学生人数的变化极其敏感，因为这会对大学的收入造成直接影响。

　　4.dip into 浸入;动用

　　Mr de guindos may yet have to dip into government coffers to find the cash.

　　然而为了获得资金，金多斯可能动用政府的腰包。

　　I usually dip into a book before deciding whether to read it.

　　我在决定读一本书前，通常会先浏览一下。

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