2015考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：好书来了

　　2015考研英语复习正是强化复习阶段，考研英语阅读在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。新东方名师范猛老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。

　　Scientific publishing

　　科技出版业

　　Brought to book

　　好书来了

　　Academic journals face a radical shake-up

　　学术期刊面临彻底改变

　　IF THERE is any endeavour whose fruits should be freely available, that endeavour is surelypublicly financed science.

　　如果有人试图把成果免费公开的话，那他一定是科学资助者，

　　Morally, taxpayers who wish to should be able to read about it without further expense.

　　确实，纳税人都希望不再花额外的钱来阅读科学著作，

　　And science advances through cross-fertilisation between projects.

　　并且科学的进步也是通过各个学科之间的相互促进吸收，

　　Barriers to that exchange slow it down.

　　而其间的交流障碍使这种进步慢了下来。

　　There is a widespread feeling that the journal publishers who have mediated this exchangefor the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it.

　　在过去一个世纪，期刊出版商给人广泛的感觉就是他们调停了这种交流，甚至阻碍了这种交流。

　　One of the latest converts is the British government.

　　而最新的改变发生在英国政府身上，

　　On July 16th it announced that, from2013, the results of taxpayer-financed research would be available, free and online,

　　它在7月16宣布，从2013年开始，由纳税人资助的科研成果都会在网上免费公开，

　　for anyone to read and redistribute.

　　并且任何人都可以阅读和转发。

　　Britain's government is not alone.

　　并不是只有英国政府这么做，

　　On July 17th the European Union followed suit.

　　17日欧盟也紧随其后，

　　It proposes making research paid for by its next scientific-spending round—which runs from2014 to 2020, and will hand out about 80 billion, or 100 billion, in grants—similarly easy toget hold of.

　　建议下一个科研经费周期拿出800亿欧元来补贴类似易于获取资料的方法。

　　In America, the National Institutes of Health has required open-access publishing since 2008.

　　在美国，国家卫生研究所从2008年开始就要求开放出版业。

　　And the Wellcome Trust, a British foundation that is the world's second-biggest charitablesource of scientific money, after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, also insists that thosewho take its shilling make their work available free.

　　仅次于比尔和梅林达·盖茨基金会的英国维康信托基金是世界上第二大科研资金获取来源，也坚持—要用我的钱就必须免费公开成果。

　　Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things.

　　而期刊出版商对此的批判常常归结为两件事，

　　One is that their processes take months, when the internet could allow them to take days.

　　一是他们对资料的处理要花费数月，实际上有互联网他们只需要花费数天;

　　The other is that because each paper is like a mini-monopoly, which workers in the fieldhave to read if they are to advance their own research,

　　另一个原因就是由于每篇论文就像一个小型垄断，相关领域的工作者想要提升研究水平就必须得阅读那些论文，

　　there is no incentive to keep the price down.

　　这样根本没有动机把价格降下来，

　　The publishers thus have scientists—or, more accurately, their universities, which pay thesubscriptions—in an armlock.

　　因此出版商就把那些科学家—准确来说是那些付钱订阅期刊的大学牢牢限制住了，

　　That, combined with the fact that the raw material is free, leads to generous returns.

　　再加上原始材料免费这一事实，这些常常为出版商带来了巨额回报。

　　In 2011 Elsevier, a large Dutch publisher, made a profit of 768m on revenues of 2.06billion—a margin of 37%.

　　在2011年，荷兰出版商爱思唯尔从20.6亿欧元的投资中获取了7.68亿欧元的回报—利润达到了37%，如此高的收益被认为太过分，

　　Indeed, Elsevier's profits are thought so egregious by many people that 12,000 researchershave signed up to a boycott of the company's journals.

　　因此爱思唯尔遭到了12000名研究人员的联名抵制。