2015考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：美国电信

　　2015考研英语复习正是强化复习阶段，考研英语阅读在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。新东方名师范猛老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。

　　American telecoms

　　美国电信

　　A breath of fresh airwavesyou want

　　呼吸新鲜的电波

　　The scramble for spectrum could reshapeAmerica's telecoms industry

　　频谱争夺战可能打开美国电信新局面

　　JULIUS GENACHOWSKI, the head of America's Federal Communications Commission, hascalled wireless spectrum the oxygen that sustains our mobile devices.

　　美联邦通讯委员会主席JULIUS GENACHOWSKI，将无线通讯频段称为维持移动通讯设备工作的氧气，

　　Yet unlike oxygen, the airwaves over which telecoms companies transmit their wirelesssignals are in ever shorter supply.

　　同的是，如今电信公司用来传输无线讯号的波段比以往更加短缺。

　　According to the FCC's calculations,

　　但与氧气不据委员会估计，

　　America needs to make 300megahertz of additional spectrum available by 2014 to avoid a crunch that drives upconsumers' mobile-phone bills and holds back innovation.

　　为免移动电话用户账单攀升，创新停滞不前，引发频谱危机，到2014年美国需要新增300兆赫兹频段投入使用。

　　Some critics reckon the regulator's projections are too pessimistic.

　　有的评论家认为委员会的预测太过悲观，

　　But telecoms firms say an explosion of wireless data triggered by smartphones and tabletcomputers is indeed soaking up capacity fast.

　　但电信公司指出，由智能机和平板电脑所引发的无线通讯数据的激增，

　　Hence the scramble for more airwaves.

　　实际上正快速占据频带容量，面向更多频段的争夺进而产生。

　　On December 2nd Verizon Wireless, the country's largest mobile operator, announced a$3.6 billion deal to buy spectrum from several cable-television companies.

　　12月2日，美国最大的移动通讯运营商威瑞森无线通讯公司宣布斥资36亿美金从几家有线电视公司手中收购波段。

　　AT&T, another telecoms behemoth, has been telling anyone who will listen that its $39billion bid for T-Mobile USA, a smaller rival, should be approved in part because it would easea capacity headache:

　　另一家电信巨头AT&T也正试图让每一个关心的人相信，它对T-Mobile USA这个小公司的价值390亿的收购企划应得以通过，部分原因是如此可缓和波段紧缺的困难：

　　AT&T has plenty of capital but needs more spectrum, while T-Mobile has the airwavesbut lacks the capital to exploit them fully.

　　AT&T有足够的资金但需要更大的带宽，然而T-Mobile 有带宽却缺少充分开发利用的资金。

　　The snag is that allowing AT&T and T-Mobile to merge would stifle competition in thewireless market—which is why both the Department of Justice and the FCC oppose it.

　　问题在于，若允许AT&T 和T-Mobile合并，就会破坏无线市场的竞争公平—这就是为什么司法部和联邦通讯委员会都反对它们合并。

　　AT&T and Deutsche Telekom, T-Mobile's German parent, have pledged to fight on, butthe merger's chances are slim. Verizon's deal,

　　AT&T 和 T-Mobile 的母公司德国电信已承诺会继续争取，但合并的希望渺茫。

　　by contrast, will probably be cleared by the FCC, which must approve transfers of licensedspectrum.

　　相反，委员会却极有可能会同意Verizon的交易，因为它没有权力阻止已得到使用许可的波段的易主。

　　Could more wireless capacity be liberated from other businesses that do not need it?

　　可以从其他行业释放出更多的无线通讯空间吗?

　　The FCC thinks so.

　　它们并不需要那么多。

　　It has come up with a proposal to persuade TV companies to part with some of theirairwaves.

　　联邦通讯委员会觉得可行，它已起草一项提案建议说服电视公司出让它们的部分波段。

　　It would solicit spectrum from broadcasters and then repackage it into larger lots to be soldin an auction.

　　委员会将设法从电视台买来波段，然后将之重新包装合并，进行拍卖，

　　The revenue raised would be shared between the government and the broadcasters.

　　筹集的收入由政府和电视台分成。

　　The FCC thinks this could release up to 120MHz of TV broadcast spectrum.

　　委员会认为如此可释放多达120MHz的电视广播频段。

　　TV companies could instead sell their holdings to telecoms companies directly.

　　实际上，电视台也可以直接向电信公司出售频段，

　　But this would probably mean lots of tiny, fragmented packets of airwaves changing hands.

　　但转手的很可能是许多短小细碎的波段。

　　Wireless operators will pay more for large, contiguous parcels of spectrum, which is whythe FCC wants to orchestrate the process.

　　为购买大容量连续带宽无线运营公司将需要付出更多金钱，这也正是联邦通讯委员会想要精心策划这项进程的原因。

　　Legislation to give it permission to do so is making its way through Congress.

　　为使委员会具有操作权限，相关法规正在议会进行审核。

　　It may be passed by the end of the year.

　　这项法规大概会在年底之前可以通过。

　　But some broadcasters have given warning that the plan could hurt some stations.

　　但是一些广播公司提出警告，这项计划可能会伤害某些电视台的利益。

　　We're concerned this will have unintended consequences, says Alan Frank, the chiefexecutive of Post-Newsweek Stations, which has operations in Detroit, San Antonio andother cities.

　　Alan Frank是Post-Newsweek 电视台的首席执行官，该台在底特律，圣安东尼奥及其他城市均设有业务，他说：我们担心这项举措会产生意想不到的后果。

　　TV folk fret that the FCC wants to be able to force stations to swap channels if necessary,even if they do not take part in the auction, so that it can create attractive parcels.

　　电视工作者担心委员会拟定法案是想在必要的时候迫使他们转换频道，以便构成更可观的波段组合，即使这些频道并没有参与拍卖。

　　This will raise their costs and could lead to the disappearance of some stations in cities nearthe Mexican and Canadian borders, where TV spectrum is already limited.

　　这种做法会提高电视台的运营成本，同时可能导致临近墨西哥、加拿大的边境城市里的部分电视台消失，因为在那里频带资源本就很有限。

　　Such concerns can be dealt with.

　　这样的担忧是可以解决的。

　　Legislators are likely to create a fund to compensate broadcasters who have to movechannels.

　　立法者也许会设立一项基金用以补偿那些不得不转换频道的电视广播公司，

　　And they will probably require the FCC to try hard to preserve existing TV coverage when itrepackages airwaves.

　　并且他们很有可能要求联邦通讯委员会在重组波段的时候，尽力保全现存的电视频道覆盖范围。

　　Congress's enthusiasm to get something done is understandable.

　　国会热衷于达成一些成就的心理是可以理解的。

　　For one thing, an auction will raise billions of dollars for the public purse.

　　一方面，一场拍卖会能为国库筹集到数十亿美元的资金;

　　For another, it will create jobs by encouraging firms to invest in their networks.

　　另一方面，通过鼓励公司投资网路可以创造就业机会。

　　Failure to act would send the wrong signal to one of America's fastest-growing industries.

　　而若举措不当则将会向这一全美都发展迅猛的产业发送错误的讯息。

　　词语解释

　　1.industry n.工业;产业;行业

　　Since the advent of atomic power, there have beengreat changes in industry.

　　自从原子动力问世以后，工业发生了巨大的变化。

　　2.communication n.交流;通讯;传达

　　Most important of all, computers create widecommunication around the world.

　　最重要的是,计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。

　　3.transmit v.传达;传染;传送

　　Gypsies frequently transmit recipes orally within the family.

　　吉普赛人经常以口头形式把秘方世代相传。

　　4.available a.可利用的;可得到的;有空的

　　Do you have a room available?

　　你们有空房间吗?

　　5.projection n.投影;投射;规划

　　The simplest form of projection is a perspective projection.

　　最简单的投影形式是透视投影。

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