2015考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：阻塞的三峡

　　2015考研英语复习正是强化复习阶段，考研英语阅读在考研英语中占了40分，所以考研英语阅读是英语科目中重要的一项。新东方名师范猛老师曾建议过考研生需要坚持每天泛读10-15分钟的英文原刊。强烈推荐了杂志《经济学人》.杂志中的文章也是考研英语的主要材料来源.希望考研考生认真阅读，快速提高考研英语阅读水平。

　　China and opposition to dams

　　中国和反对三峡大坝

　　Choking on the Three Gorges

　　阻塞的三峡

　　China’s government at last owns up to problems atits monster dam

　　中国政府最终承认巨型大坝导致的问题

　　RAIN along the middle and lower Yangzi River this week has helped alleviate the region’s worstdrought in 50 years. But it has not doused a storm of criticism of the Three Gorges damupriver, including allegations that it contributed to the disaster. Opponents of the colossaledifice have been emboldened by rare government admissions of environmental and other“urgent” problems caused by the dam.

　　这周在长江中下游沿线的降雨缓解了这一地区近50年来最恶劣的干旱灾害。但这并没有平息对三峡大坝上游潮水般的批评，包括其造成此次干旱的断言。政府罕见地承认三峡大坝诱发了环境和其他“紧急”问题，这使得反对这一巨型工程的人们声势愈烈。

　　In private, officials have worried about the project for some time and occasionally their doubtshave surfaced in the official media. But the government itself has refused to acknowledgethem. When the project was approved by the rubber-stamp parliament in 1992, debate wasstifled by the oppressive political atmosphere of the time, following the Tiananmen Squaremassacre three years earlier. Last July, with the dam facing its biggest flood crest sincecompletion in 2006, officials hinted that they might have overstated its ability to controlflooding. On May 18th, with the dam again in the spotlight because of the drought, a cabinetmeeting chaired by the prime minister, Wen Jiabao, went further in acknowledging drawbacks.

　　在私下里，政府官员们在很长时间里已经对这一工程表示过担心，他们的怀疑偶尔会在官方媒体上抛头露面。但政府自身并没有承认。1992年的国家会议上，当三峡工程未经审核就被批准时，正值3年前天安门事件发生不久，反对声音被当时压抑的政治氛围所笼罩。上个7月，随着大坝面临06年竣工以来的一次最大的洪水，政府官员暗示，他们可能高估了三峡防洪的能力。5月18号，干旱再一次使三峡成为热点，在温家宝主持的政府会议上，进一步承认其存在弊端。

　　Having called the dam “hugely beneficial overall”,the cabinet’s statement said there were problemsrelating to the resettlement of 1.4m people, to theenvironment and to the “prevention of geologicaldisasters” that urgently needed addressing. Thedam, it said, had had “a certain impact” onnavigation, irrigation and water-supplydownstream. Some of these problems had beenforecast at the design stage or spotted duringconstruction. But they had been “difficult toresolve effectively because of limitations imposedby conditions at the time.” It did not elaborate.

　　曾今一度声称大坝“利益无穷”，小组人员表示有关一千四百万群众的安置、环境和“防止地质灾害”等问题都急需处理。据说大坝必然对航运、灌溉和下游水源补给产生影响。其中一些问题在设计阶段已被暴露或者在施工阶段被警告。但是因为“当时现实条件的限制而很难有效解决”三峡工程并不周密。

　　The confession has triggered a flurry of articles in official newspapers about the dam’sdeficiencies. Some recalled a warning given by one of China’s most famous critics, Huang Wanli,before his death ten years ago that the dam would silt up the reservoir basin and sooner orlater have to be blown up. The Oriental Morning Post even filled its front page with a picture ofMr Huang, who was persecuted by Mao Zedong for his criticism of the Sanmenxia dam on theYellow River. Sanmenxia was the nation’s pride until its reservoir silted up. On June 7thShanghai Daily, an English-language paper, called the Three Gorges “that monstrous dammingproject”.

　　政府的承认激发了关于大坝弊端大量官方文章的出现。有一些回忆起中国最出名的反对者——黄万里的警告，在他逝世十年前就指出，大坝因泥沙淤积最终被炸掉。东方晨报甚至将黄的照片刊登在头版上，他曾因为批评黄河上的三门峡水电站而受到毛泽东迫害的。在储水区淤塞之前，三门峡一直都是这个国家的骄傲。在6月7号的上海日报上，一份英文刊上，将三峡叫做“怪兽般的水利工程”。

　　Its effect on the drought is difficult to prove. Officials deny assertions that the dam and itsmore than 600-km (370-mile) reservoir might have affected the regional climate. But oneofficial, Wang Jingquan of the Yangzi’s Water Resources Committee, conceded that the damhad lowered water levels in two of the country’s biggest freshwater lakes, making the impactworse. The rapid lowering of the reservoir’s level has also raised fears of landslides andearthquakes. Probe International, a Canadian NGO, published a report on June 1st by Chinesegovernment experts saying the dam had caused “significantly increased” seismic activity.

　　三峡对干旱的影响很难证实。当局拒绝声明大坝和它超过600千米的储水区会影响区域气候。但有一位官员，长江水力资源委员Wang Jingquan承认三峡降低了国内两大淡水湖泊的水位，导致干旱更加严重。急速下降的库区水位同样增加了滑坡和地震的危险。中国政府专家根据加拿大的NGO国际调查，于7月1日发布一篇报道，表示三峡大坝已经引起了严重的地质活动。

　　This debate has erupted at a time of heightened political uncertainty as the Communist Partyprepares for sweeping leadership changes next year. The government’s decision to be openabout doubts that had previously been harboured in private could reflect struggles betweenoutgoing leaders and their still-influential predecessors. The earlier generation had beenresponsible for getting the project started in the 1990s. But President Hu Jintao and Mr Wendid not attend the dam’s completion ceremony in May 2006.

　　这场争论在政治高度不确定的时期爆发，因为共产党正准备明年的领导权的交接。政府公开这一曾被私下隐瞒的质疑的决定，能够反映出即将离职领导人同他们仍然有影响力的前辈们之间的斗争。上一代领导人已于1990年对三峡工程的实施做出担保。但是胡锦涛主席和温家宝总理并没有参加2006年三峡工程的竣工庆典。

　　For liberal intellectuals, the furore has provided anopportunity to push back against hardliners (whotend to favour grandiose displays of state power).One liberal newspaper published an interview withMao Yushi, a prominent economist who has beenfiercely denounced recently by hardliners because ofan article he wrote attacking Mao Zedong. Mr Mao(the economist rather than the Helmsman)contributed to a book criticising the Three Gorgesdam which was published in 1989, shortly before theTiananmen protests. It was later banned.

　　对于自由知识分子，这一热议为反对政策制定者(热衷于浮夸地展示国家力量的人)提供了机会。一家自由报刊发表了采访Mao Yushi的报道，他是一位杰出的经济学家，最近由于写了一篇文章批判毛泽东，受到领导层激烈抨击。毛先生(是经济学家而非伟大的舵手)在天安门事件发生不久前，于1989年发表的著述中批判了三峡大坝。随后就被封杀了。

　　In the interview Mr Mao accused the government of shuffling off responsibility for the dam 20years ago by ignoring anti-dam experts and then getting the legislature to approve theproject. “If there are any problems in future, you won’t be able to find anyone. There is nobodytaking real responsibility,” he said.

　　在采访中，毛先生控诉政府20年前通过无视反对修建三峡的专家的意见然后赞成实施取得合法性的方式推卸责任。“如果将来会出现什么问题，你将找不到任何负责人。没有人会真正负责，”他说到。