2015考研英语阅读集中练：Specialization

考研英语阅读水平的提高重在练习，多练才能够增加词汇量，提升对语法语义的把握，才能够更容易的理解和总结文章中心主旨。正所谓熟能生巧，就是这个道理。十一刚过，后续复习任务依然很重，新东方在线小编希望考生能够继续努力，多读多练。下面分享英语阅读集中练篇章，望考生认真阅读。

2015考研英语阅读集中练：Specialization

　　Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalization of scientific activity.

　　No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exception can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with itsconsequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.

　　A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereasthe amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.

温馨提示：10月10日，本周五是考研正式报名开始，希望广大应往届考生提前做好准备。

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