2015考研英语:阅读解题思路 抓主题做答案

　　考研英语阅读中，我们常用的解题方法是定位、替换、排除。现在我们不妨换一个思路看。如果能理出文章主题也是一种解题策略。今天我们就2008年text1的题目结合文章主题进行剖析，以期在解题思路上有个新的开拓。

　　2008年Text 1

　　While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

　　Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

　　Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”

　　Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”

　　Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”

　　Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

　　贯穿全文的主题一般会在段首处、转折处、重点重复处出现。而一些例子、数据、实验等则是来支撑论点的，可以不用重点关注。文章首段综述男女在很多方面存在差异，而女性在面临压力时更容易产生沮丧和焦虑的情绪。这段中的引用句子可忽略不看。第二段从生理方面说明为何女性更容易在压力面前沮丧和焦虑，举了雌鼠的例子，可以忽略不看。第三、四段从社会层面进一步解释主题。第五段举例子来证明主题，而此例子也可以暂时忽略不看。文章最后一段会延续文章主题或者提出新的论点。显然在这篇文章中，最后一段是在说女性要找到缓解压力的方式很重要。

　　21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

　　[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

　　[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

　　[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.

　　[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

　　22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women

　　[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.

　　[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.

　　[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.

　　[D] are exposed to more stress.

　　23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be

　　[A] domestic and temporary.

　　[B] irregular and violent.

　　[C] durable and frequent.

　　[D] trivial and random.

　　24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that

　　[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.

　　[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.

　　[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.

　　[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.

　　25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

　　[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

　　[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say

　　[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

　　理出文章主题及每一段后，会发现文章是就女性压力比男性大而展开论述。第一道题目各个选项中，A是说从生理角度来讲，女性在压力面前更脆弱;B女性受到的压力是男性造成的;C女性比男性在面对压力时更有经验;D男女在面对压力时表现倾向不同。从主题来看，很容易选择A而排除其他三个。第二道题目是说研究表明女性什么，D是说女性遭受更多压力，完全吻合文章主题。第四道题目B是说Alvarez的薪水几乎不能支付她的家庭开支，从另一侧面反映了女性压力很大。最后一道题目主题题：压力下的女性。所以综合来看，只要抓住主题，也就抓住了作者的思路。

　　所以，有的时候做阅读题目，关注在细节上边而忽视了主题，使得对于文章理解一塌糊涂，对于题目的理解也可能因为片面而做错。所以不妨打开个新思路，如果有时间允许，可以从宏观上把握主题后、对每段落进行整理后，再进行题目解析，相信这样对于题目的理解会比较到位，正确率也会有所提高。主题的把握加上对于做题方法的综合运用希望祝大家阅读上一臂之力。

来源：新东方在线论坛

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