2015考研英语阅读冲刺精读训练（美国下任国防部长）

进入2015考研周，最后5天时间，考生对于每个科目的每一部分的把握都要简明扼要，准确到位。考研英语阅读冲刺要加强锻炼自己的精读能力。下面新东方在线和大家分享11篇精读训练文章，大家不妨每天抽空来练习一下。

2015考研英语阅读冲刺精读训练（美国下任国防部长）

　　ASHTON CARTER once urged the pre-emptive bombing of North Korea's nuclear facilities. (It was in an article he wrote in 2006, while out of office.) He also wanted American troops to stay on in Iraq after 2011. Yet Barack Obama, who is hardly known for his hawkishness, appears poised to name him as defence secretary.

　　He would replace Chuck Hagel, a decorated veteran with a profound aversion to the ill-considered use of force. Mr Hagel, a Republican, was inarticulate, flummoxed by detail and floundered in the job, particularly when faced with the complex challenge of taking on the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. Relentless micromanagement from the White House made things worse.

　　Insiders praise Mr Carter's competence and experience. A physicist by training, he was deputy defence secretary under Leon Panetta, responsible for controlling a $600 billion annual budget. Such was his indispensability that Mr Obama asked him to continue in the job for a year after Mr Panetta left in 2013, to help Mr Hagel—an uncomfortable period for both men.

　　Before that, Mr Carter was the head of acquisitions, restructuring the bloated Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) programme and cancelling costly under-performing or outdated programmes. Soldiers in the field called him “the Deliverer”, for his ability to cut through the Pentagon's copious red tape and get urgently-needed kit to the front line, such as MRAPs (mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles) to shield troops from roadside bombs.

　　In Bill Clinton's first administration, Mr Carter was in charge of America's vast nuclear arsenal and led the effort to dismantle and remove more than 8,000 nuclear weapons from states that had been part of the old Soviet Union. He also helped build security relationships with countries in eastern Europe that paved the way for them to join NATO.

　　Although some complain that Mr Carter's intellectual self-confidence and command of the most esoteric technical details can make him appear arrogant or aloof, his confirmation hearings on Capitol Hill should be much easier than the grilling Mr Hagel received. Both Mac Thornberry and John McCain, the Republicans who are about to take the helms of the House and Senate Armed Services Committees, are likely to see Mr Carter as an ally in reforming the Pentagon's sclerotic procurement practices. Mr McCain, an arch-foe of wasteful defence spending, often clashed with Mr Carter over the JSF; yet he developed a grudging respect for him. Kori Schake, a former Bush administration security official now at the Hoover Institution, a think-tank, describes Mr Carter as “able, intelligent, effective and energetic”.(Economist)

　　翻译：

　　阿什顿·卡特曾主张先发制人轰炸朝鲜的核设施(该主张曾写入他2006年下台时所写文章中)，他还曾希望美国军队2011年后继续留在伊拉克。但是，布拉克·奥巴马几乎对卡特的鹰派作风不知就里，似乎准备提名他为下任国防部长。

　　他将取代查克·哈格尔(一位充满荣誉的老兵，相当厌恶妄动军事力量)。尤其是在面对伊拉克和叙利亚伊斯兰政权复杂多变的局势时，身为共和党议员的哈格尔先生，词不达意、为细节所困、工作状态糟糕。白宫的“微管理”，毫不留情，让局势越演越烈。

　　圈内人赞赏卡特先生的能力与经历。他曾是一名受过训练的物理学家，曾在时任国防部长里昂·帕内塔手下任美国国防部常务副部长，全权负责6000亿美元年度预算。而这一点恰恰成为奥巴马先生—在2013年帕内塔先生离职后—要求其继续工作一年的必要条件，来辅佐哈格尔先生(那一年对二人来说都难熬的一年)。

　　在此之前，卡特先生曾负责掌管国防部的科教和采购工作，重组臃肿的联合打击战斗机(JSF)计划，取消昂贵的表现不佳或者过时的计划。在作战的士兵称他为“投递员”，因为他能穿越五角大楼的繁文缛节，给前线送去急需的装备，比如能保护军队免受来自路边的炸弹的防地雷反伏击车(MRAPs)。

　　卡特先生曾在比尔·克林顿第一任期内负责庞大的核武器库，移除属前苏联时期的逾8000件核武器。他还协助与东欧国家建立安全关系，进而为其进入北大西洋公约组织(NATO)而铺平道路。

　　尽管如此，有人抱怨道：卡特先生聪明过人、自信满满，深谙科技奥秘，故他看上去傲慢冷漠;但是他在国会的审议听证会应该会比哈格尔先生面对的“拷问”要轻松得多。即将接管众议院以及参议院武装服务协会共和党议员麦克·索恩伯里和约翰·麦凯恩，二人—就改革五角大楼僵硬的采购计划—视卡特先生如盟友。麦凯恩先生，强烈反对高额的国防经费，常常与卡特先生就联合打击战斗机(JSF)计划意见不合;现在他勉强尊重卡特先生。前布什政府安全官员科瑞·斯卡克，现属一家名为胡佛研究中心的智库，形容卡特先生“能干、聪明、高效、活力”。

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