2016考研英语阅读每日精选：美国人基本上停止生长了

　　在考研英语中，阅读分数可谓是占到了总分的半壁江山，正所谓“得阅读者得考研”。对于备考2016考研的同学们，在平时的复习中一定要拓展阅读思路，各类话题都要关注，这样才能在整体上提升考研英语阅读水平!新东方在线分享《2016考研英语阅读精选》，以下文章为2008年考研英语阅读真题Text 3，一起来学习吧!

　　In The U.S., Height Hits Its Head On The Genetic Celing

　　In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of onlythree players in the National Basketball Association(NBA) listed at over seven feet.

　　在 20世纪 60年代早期，Wilt Chamberlain 是美国国家篮球协会中仅有的身高超过7英尺的三个人之一。

　　If he had played last season, however, he would havebeen one of 42.

　　可是如果他参加了上个赛季的话，他就变成了 1/42了。

　　The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years,

　　这些年来在较大的职业体育运动中的运动员的身体状况发生了很大的改变，

　　and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growingnumbers of bigger, longer frames.

　　而他们的经理人也更愿意调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，更高的身材。

　　The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans havegenerally stopped growing.

　　虽然体育界的这种趋势可能蒙蔽了一个没有被承认的现实：美国人基本上停止生长了。

　　Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today's people - especiallythose born to families who have lived in the U. S. for many generations - apparently reachedtheir limit in the early 1960s.

　　虽然现在人们比 140 年前高了 2英寸，特别是那些出生在已移民美国很多代的那些人，但是明显的，在二十世纪60年代早期，已经到达了他们的身高的极限。

　　And they aren't likely to get any taller.

　　他们已经不可能再长得更高了。

　　“In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we've pretty much goneas far as we can go, ” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright StateUniversity.

　　Wright 州大学的人类学家 William Cameron Chumlea 说：“在这个基因和环境的条件下，现在整体的人们已经长到我们能够达到的范围了。”

　　In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasinglycommon practice of recruiting players from all over the world.

　　拿 NBA 球员来说，他们身高的增加主要由于从世界各地招募到了球员。

　　Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients - notably,protein - to feed expanding tissues.

　　身高的增长一般在 20 岁以后就停止了，而发育是需要能量和营养的，其中的蛋白质用来供给组织的生长。

　　At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way.

　　在 20世纪初，营养不良和儿童疾病妨碍了整体的发育。

　　But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in heightby about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.

　　但是当饮食和健康的促进，儿童和青少年平均每 20年都增长了大概1.5英寸，这就是长高的趋势。

　　Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height - 5'9″ for men, 5'4″ for women - hasn't really changed since 1960.

　　根据疾病防治中心，从1960 年开始，人们平均身高，男性5英尺9英寸，女性5英尺4英寸，就没有什么变化了。

　　Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.

　　总的说来，避免太高的身高是有很多优点的。

　　During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal.

　　在生产时，较大的婴儿通过产道是有更多的问题的。

　　Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and backcontinue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strainimposed by oversize limbs.

　　而且，就算人类已经直立行走已经几百万年了，我们的脚和背部继续对抗着巨大的压力，这些压力来源于双足直立的姿势和巨大的肢体。

　　“There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individualorganism, ” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.

　　西北大学的人类学家 William Leonard 说：“有一些限制是个体器官的基因结构导致的。”

　　Genetic maximums can change, but don't expect this to happen soon.

　　基因的最大化可以改变，但是不要期待它会马上就能发生。

　　Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass. ,ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.

　　Mass州的Natick的军队研究中心的高级人类学家Claire C. Gordon确信百分之九十的入伍新兵不需要更换新的制服和工作站。

　　She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed forsome time.

　　她说，不像那些篮球制服，军队的制服长度很长时间都没有改变了。

　　And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment,Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today's data and feel fairly confident. ”

　　如果你需要在不远的将来预测人类的身高而去设计一款新的设备，Gordon 说基本上，“你都可以使用现在的数据，并且非常地自信。”

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