2016考研英语阅读真题精选：1995年Text3

　　考研英语基础阶段的主要任务是攻克词汇和语法长难句。但是背单词是各位考生最为头疼的事情。与此同时，长难句由于缺乏语境也很难理解。在这个阶段，各位学子可以认真研读1994-2003年的真题，从真题中汲取营养，攻克词汇和语法长难句。7月份之前，如果各位考生能够将10年47篇文章做到精读，相信大家的词汇和语法长难句一定会有大的突破，并且为强化阶段的学习奠定坚实的基础。

　　2016考研英语阅读真题精选：1995年Text3

　　In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.

　　In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.

　　Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming .

　　Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared worldwide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.

　　In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable, up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. “Knowledge is power” may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.

　　9. The word “it” (Para. 2) most probably refers to _______.

　　[A] the lack of stable communities

　　[B] the breakdown of informal information channels

　　[C] the increased mobility of families

　　[D] the growing number of people moving from place to place

　　10. The main problem people may encounter today arises from the fact that _______.

　　[A] they have to learn new things consciously

　　[B] they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information

　　[C] they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily

　　[D] they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family.

　　11. From the passage we can infer that _______.

　　[A] electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages

　　[B] it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information era

　　[C] people will spend less time holding meetings or conferences

　　[D] events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites

　　12. We can learn from the last paragraph that _______.

　　[A] it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possible

　　[B] people should make the best use of the information

　　[C] we should realize the importance of accumulating information

　　[D] it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently

　　一、迅速浏览选项，把握文章主题

　　根据第二题题干，可知文章主要围绕“现在人们遭遇到的主要问题”进行论述，但是除此之外，考生无法获得更多信息，因此考生只能阅读第一段猜测文章主题。第一段主要谈论了使人们获取信息困难增大的各种原因。由此考生可推知，本文主要介绍现代社会信息获取的文章。

　　二、精读各段落，攻克词汇和语法长难句

　　词汇精解

　　(1)beyond (prep.) 超越(某事物的)范围;在或向(某物的)远处;迟于或超过(某一时间);除了;~sb. 对于某人来说难以想象、理解或估计

　　(2)extended family大家庭(几代同堂的家庭)，nuclear family核心家庭(只有父母与孩子)

　　(3)mobility (n.) 流动性，移动性，mobile(a.)可动的，运动的

　　(4)cut off 切断，使隔绝;剪去，删去;打断，停止

　　(5)trustworthy (a.)值得信任的;-worthy后缀，“值得的”，如：praiseworthy, blameworthy

　　(6)aspects (n.) (问题等的)方面;样子，外表，面貌

　　(7)stockpile (n.) 逐步储备的东西，(应急用的)储备物资

　　(8)overwhelming (a.) 难以抵当的，压倒的;overwhelm (v.)压倒，制服

　　(9) at the instant of occurrence现场的;at the instant of… 在……的时刻;occurrence (n.)发生，出现，事件，事故

　　长难句精解

　　①As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.

　　整个句子的主干是：the informal flow of information is cut off。前面是as引导时间状语从句，their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships 三个名词短语并列做from的宾语。最后部分的结构是and with it the confidence…，其中it指代the informal flow of information is cut off，表示“随着非正式的信息交流被切断而出现的是信心的丧失”。confidence后面是一个同位语从句对其进行说明。

　　译文：随着家庭远离稳定的社区、多年的朋友和大家庭的种种关系，非正式的信息交流被切断了。同时在需要时就能够得到可靠可信的信息的信心也随之丧失了。

　　②The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming .

　　该句是由and 连接的两个并列的分句，前一分句中含有比较结构more… than…，后一分句中的主干结构是the task … is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming，主语the task后跟随of 短语做定语，表语由三个并列的形容词组成。

　　译文：今天，个人可以获得的信息比任何时代的人都多，而要找到一条与自己问题相关的信息既复杂又耗时，有时甚至相当困难。

　　③Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.

　　该句子采用倒装结构，正常的语序是the development of technologies is coupled with the growing quantity of information。主语the development of technologies 后修饰成分很长，是which引导的定语从句，其中用more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before结构做了三方面的比较。表语是分词结构，其中couple with…意思是“与……并提，把……联系起来”。如：I have heard his name coupled with that of a notorious criminal.我常常听见人家把他的名字和一名臭名昭著的罪犯联系在一起。

　　译文：伴随信息量不断增长的是技术的发展，这些技术使得人们能够比过去以更快的速度往更多的地方储存和发送更多的信息。

　　④Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages.

　　该句主干是“developments enable the sending of messages… and (enable) electronic mail to…”，谓语enable后的宾语是由and 连接的两个并列成分，特别要注意electronic mail是enable的宾语而不是介词via的。

　　译文：电信技术的发展使人们可以通过电视、无线电传送信息。不久之后，它还使电子邮件对人们实施信息轰炸。

　　⑤Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing , and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.

　　本句由两个结构相似的分句用and 连接而成。它们的结构都是sth. can be done+介词短语，后一分句用了without sb. doing sth. to do。expertise和teleconferencing的含义都可以用构词法去推测。

　　译文：通过远程会议，专家知识能够在全世界范围内被分享，同时人们不必放下工作、别离家人而大老远去开会就可以解决有争议的问题。

　　三、作答题目，理解文章含义

　　9.【答案】B

　　【解析】词义句意题。本题考查第二段第二句中it的指代对象。按照代词关系中的临近一致原则和上下文的含义，it应该指代它前面的“非正式(日常)的信息流通被切断”这句话，而B选项正是对这句话的改写。“informal information channel”对应“the informal flow of information”;“breakdown”对应“cut off”。

　　A、C和D三个选项表达的内容近似，而且如果它们中的一个正确，那么原句中的“with it the confidence…”意思就成了人口的流动使人们更有信心。这与第二段表达的内容不符。

　　10.【答案】C

　　【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段、第二段和第三段指出社会进步带来知识的专业化，人口流动导致非正式的信息流通渠道被切断和信息爆炸给分检有用信息造成困难。第二段第三段段首的关联词“In addition to”和“Adding to”表明前三段论述的原因成并列关系。C选项正是这三段内容的归纳引申，为正确答案。

　　A选项在第二段末谈到，即“曾经在大家庭内部通过日常交流就可下意识学到的东西，现在却要有意识地去学”;B选项也在第二段中部提到，即“需要就能得到可靠、可信的信息的信心也随之丧失了”，但是它们都是非正式的信息流通渠道被切断带来的具体后果的表现，不能概括遇到的所有问题。D选项在文中没有被当作问题谈论。

　　11.【答案】A

　　【解析】推理判断题。第四段第三句指出“电信技术的发展使人们能够通过电视和无线电传送信息，不久之后，实现电子邮件对人们实施信息轰炸”。此句的bombard意为“炮击、轰炸”，用来比喻信息传递的力度。由此可以推出，electronic mail确实会在信息传递中起到重要作用。此外，原文very shortly一词与选项中的soon相对，故A选项正确。

　　B选项在文中并末将及，不能选。第四段倒数第二句谈到，“远程会议的出现使人们不用离开家或工作岗位专程去遥远的地方开会”，然而这里只谈及远程会议节省了因为开会而花去的旅行时间，而不是C选项中的“开会时间”。第四段第四句指出卫星的使用扩大了现场直播事件的力度，然而并未声称它会成为报道的主要形式，所以D选项错在mainly一词使用不当。

　　注意：选项中若出现“almost, completely, entirely, mainly”这一类表示程度的副词，考生应该特别注意该选项与原文在程度上是否一致，否则不能选。on the spot意思是：在现场。例如：The police were on the spot within a few minutes of hearing about the crime.

　　12.【答案】D

　　【解析】推理判断题。解此题的关键就是对该段落的含义进行归纳引申。此段有三句话，第一句强调对信息的需要最具重要性;第二句指出掌握信息者才能生存和成功;前面两句推出第三句，即段落中心句：获取所需信息是必不可以少的要求。D选项是对该句的改写，也就是该段内容的综合概括。“acquire needed information”与“access to information”对应;“of vital importance”与“the most critical requirement”对应。

　　A选项谈的是获取知识，而不是获取信息，故排除。B选项谈合理使用信息，也不是获取信息，故错。C选项中的“积累”只强调了信息的量，而未说信息的质(如准确，可靠，最新)。实际上，正因为信息量的增加，才需要人们找出所需的信息。

　　四、翻译全文，再次巩固复习词汇和语法长难句

　　在这样一个变化中的复杂社会里，过去对信息需求的简单解决办法也变得复杂起来。过去生活中的许多问题是通过咨询家庭成员、朋友或同事得以解决的，现在却非大家庭所能及了。该去哪里征求专家意见以及如何决定该接受哪条专家建议成了现今许多人面临的问题。

　　此外，第二次世界大战后，人口流动性不断增大。随着家庭远离稳定的社区、多年的朋友、大家庭的种种关系，非正式的信息交流被切断了。随之而来的是在需要时就能够得到可靠可信的信息的信心也随之丧失。关于生活最基本方面的一些几乎无意识的信息流通因此中断。这样，曾经下意识地通过大家庭随意交流便可学到的东西现在则必须有意识地去学习。

　　除了现今社会变化这一原因外，巨大的信息储备是另一原因。今天，个人可以获得的信息比任何时代的人都多，而要找到一条与自己问题相关的信息既复杂又耗时，有时甚至相当困难。

　　伴随信息量不断增长的是技术的发展，这些技术使得人们能够比过去以更快的速度往更多的地方储存和发送更多的信息。计算机技术使人能够以机器识读的文件储存大量的数据并通过程序令计算机查寻出具体信息。电信技术的发展使人们可以通过电视、无线电传送信息。不久之后，还可以用电子邮件对人们实施信息轰炸。卫星已拓展了通讯能力，可以在事发当时对事件进行报道。通过远程会议，专家知识能够在全世界范围内被分享，同时人们不必放下工作、别离家人而大老远去开会，就能让有争议的问题得到解决。技术促进了信息共享以及信息的储存和传送，使得更多的人可以获得更多的信息。

　　在这个多变、复杂的世界里，对信息的需求最具重要性。那些拥有准确、可靠的最新信息以解决日常问题、解决业务和社会与家庭生活中重大问题的人才能得以生存和获得成功。“知识就是力量”可算是最真实的格言，获取信息也许是对所有人最必不可少的要求。

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