2016考研英语阅读：怀孕妈妈吸烟有使宝宝药物滥用

　　在考研英语中，阅读分数可谓是占到了总分的半壁江山，正所谓“得阅读者得考研”。对于备考2016考研的同学们，在平时的复习中一定要拓展阅读思路，各类话题都要关注，这样才能在整体上提升考研英语阅读水平!新东方在线考研分享《2016考研英语阅读精选》，一起来学习吧!

　　Mothers Who Smoke While Pregnant Put Kids atRisk of Substance Abuse

　　怀孕妈妈吸烟有使宝宝药物滥用的风险

　　Exposure to cigarette smoke in the womb mayinterfere with the brain's reward system， andmake children more vulnerable to addictions.

　　宝宝还在子宫里的时候，就暴露在有烟雾的环境中，会干扰其大脑奖励系统的发育，使他们更容易上瘾。

　　Researchers from Technische Universitat Dresden inGermany compared 177 teens between the ages 13to 15 who had been exposed to cigarettes prenatally to 177 teens whose mothers did notsmoke while expecting. To test how the teens reacted to being presented with a reward—whichsimulated the need to satisfy an addiction—the participants were placed in a functional MRI(fMRI) scan to record their brain activity while they performed specific computer-based tasks.

　　德国德累斯顿工业大学的研究人员比较了在产前曾暴露在有烟环境中的177名13—15岁的青少年和产前妈妈不吸烟的同龄人。为了测试青少年对上瘾带来满足并刺激需要这一系统的反应，对参与者进行MRI扫描，并记录他们在执行特定的计算机任务时的大脑活动。

　　Indeed，they saw less activity in this area of the brain among the teens whose were exposedto smoke in the womb compared to those who were not，which resulted in longer times torespond to the target. "The weaker responsivity of the ventral striatum to regard anticipationin prenatally exposed adolescents may represent a risk factor for substance use anddevelopment of addiction later in life. This result highlights the need for education andpreventive measures to reduce smoking during pregnancy."the study authors wrote.

　　通过研究发现，在子宫里就暴露在吸烟环境中与那些没有暴露在吸烟环境中的青少年相比，前者大脑这部分活动要少得多，并且需要花更长的时间对目标作出反应。该研究的作者写道：“在产前暴露在有烟环境中的青少年，如果出现腹侧纹状体反应较弱，那他在未来，很有可能滥用药物并上瘾。这一结果强调了进行教育和采取措施，减少妊娠期间的吸烟行为的必要性。”

　　Children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also show inhibited activity inthe ventral striatum，and other studies linked lower activity in this region among teens to morerisky behaviors，such as reckless driving，that extend beyond taking illegal drugs.

　　儿童多动症也显示与腹侧纹状体的抑制活性有关，还有研究表明，这一区域活动越不活跃的青少年，其危险行为也越多，如鲁莽驾驶、过量服用违禁药物等。

　　The results certainly don't suggest that cigarette smoking during pregnancy always causesaddictions or substance abuse problems in children later, but they do add to the growing bodyof data documenting the harms that nicotine can have on proper fetal development. Withsome women still smoking while pregnant, they hope that these data will fuel more educationefforts that inform mothers-to-be about the dangers of smoking for the unborn.

　　研究结果并不是说，怀孕期间吸烟一定会导致宝宝将来会上瘾或滥用药物，但他们再一次证明了，尼古丁会危害胎儿的正常发育。鉴于很多怀孕女性仍在吸烟，研究人员希望这些数据能起到教育作用，让准妈妈们知道吸烟对未出生宝宝的危害。

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