2016考研英语阅读新题型冲刺练习（5）

　　考研复习冲刺阶段，英语的阅读和写作为重中之重，阅读占比大，分值高，决定写作成败，大家要多练，掌握解题技巧，提高阅读的速度和准确率，下面是关于阅读新题型部分的练习，大家做做看看。

2016考研英语阅读新题型冲刺练习（5）

　　观点与例证

　　Directions:

　　You are going to read a text about the advantages of drinking water, followed by a list of choices. Choose the most suitable one from the list A～F for each numbered subheading (1～5).

　　There is one extra choice which you do not need to use.

　　Water is a fundamental part of our lives. It is easy to forget how

　　completely we depend on it. Human survival is dependent on water-water

　　has been ranked by experts as second only to oxygen as essential for life.

　　The average adult body is 55 to 75% water. 2/3 of your body weight is

　　water (40 to 50 quarts). A human embryo is more than 80% water.

　　A newborn baby is 74% water. Everyday your body must replace 2 1/2

　　quarts of water. The Water you drink literally becomes you! Since such

　　a large percentage of our bodies is water, water must obviously figure

　　heavily in how our bodies function. We need lots of fresh water to stay

　　healthy. Aside from aiding in digestion and absorption of food, water

　　regulates body temperature and blood circulation, carries nutrients and

　　oxygen to cells, and removes toxins and other wastes. This "body water"

　　also cushions joints and protects tissues and organs, including the spinal

　　cord, from shock and damage. Conversely, lack of water (dehydration)

　　can be the cause of many ailments. In his book, Your Body's Many Cries

　　for Water, Dr. Fereydoon Batmanghelidj noted that chronic dehydration

　　may cause certain problems for the body, including hypertension, asthma,

　　allergies, and migraine headaches.

　　Every process in our body occurs in a water medium. We can exist without

　　food for 2 months or more, but we can only survive for a few days without water.

　　(1)Water is better than other beverages.

　　There is a difference between drinking pure water & beverages that

　　contain water. Fruit juice, soft drinks, coffee, etc., may contain substances

　　that are not healthy, & actually contradict some of the positive effects of

　　the added water. Other Beverages also contain dehydrating agents. They

　　may actually reduce the water reserves in the body! Drinking other beverages

　　to the exclusion of water also causes you to lose your taste for water.

　　This is particularly true with children as they become dependent on Sodas & juices.

　　(2)Water can improve people's Metabolic rate.

　　Water is the solvent of the body & it regulates all functions, including the

　　activity of everything it dissolves & circulates.

　　(3) Water can help people in weight loss.

　　Water plays a major part in weight loss. Since water contains no calories,

　　it can serve as an appetite suppressant, and helps the body metabolize

　　stored fat, it may possibly be one of the most significant factors in

　　losing weight. Dehydration leads to excess body fat, poor muscle tone & size,

　　decreased digestive efficiency & organ function, increased toxicity,

　　joint & muscle soreness, & water retention. Water works to keep muscles

　　and skin toned.

　　(4) Water can benefit people's Digestive System.

　　Constipation(便秘) is a frequent symptom of dehydration. Increased water,

　　along with increased fiber, will usually totally eliminate a problem.

　　(5) Water lubricates our joints

　　The cartilage(软骨) tissues found at the ends of long bones & between

　　the vertebrae(椎骨) of the spine hold a lot of water, which serves as a

　　lubricant during the movement of the joint. Rheumatoid(患风湿症的) joint

　　pain frequently decreases with increased water intake & flexing exercises

　　to bring more circulation to the joints.

　　[A] The digestion of solid foods depends on the presence of copious

　　amounts of water. Acids & enzymes in the stomach break the food

　　down into a homogenized fluid state which can pass into the intestine

　　for the next phase of digestion. An "acid stomach" will respond to hydration.

　　Gastritis (胃炎), duodenitis (十二指肠炎), pain from ulcers(溃疡) (as long as

　　the ulcer is not perforated), & heartburn all decrease with increased water

　　intake. Water eliminates toxins & waste from the body.

　　[B] An active, athletic person needs 2/3 ounce per pound which is 13-14.8

　　ounce glasses a day if you're 160 pounds. The more you exercise the more

　　water you need. Spread out your water intake throughout the day. Do not

　　drink more than 4 glasses within any given hour.

　　[C] Water is the medium for various enzymatic & chemical reactions in the body.

　　It moves nutrients, hormones, antibodies, & oxygen through the blood

　　stream & lymphatic system. The proteins & enzymes of the body function

　　more efficiently in solutions of lower viscosity.

　　[D] Caffeinated beverages stimulate the adrenal glands(肾上腺) and act as

　　diuretics, robbing your body of necessary water. Soft drinks contain

　　phosphorus which can lead to depletion of bone calcium. Soda contains sodium.

　　Fruit juices contain a lot of sugar & stimulate the pancreas. These drinks may

　　tax the body more than they cleanse it. A 12 ounce can of regular soda

　　contains the equivalent of 9 teaspoons of sugar and loads of empty calories.

　　[E] In the article "Water Bearers", (Shape magazine) Elizabeth Austin notes

　　that "water is the single most important nutrient you take in every day.

　　It's fat-free, cholesterol-free, low in sodium, and completely without calories.

　　" Also, drinking more water helps to reduce water retention by stimulating

　　your kidneys. Studies have recommended that if you are overweight

　　according to average height and weight comparison charts, you should

　　add one glass of water to your daily requirement (of eight glasses) for

　　every 25 pounds over your recommended weight.

　　[F] When the cartilage is hydrated, the two opposing surfaces glide freely,

　　& friction damage is minimal. If the cartilage is dehydrated, the rate of

　　"abrasive" damage is increased, resulting in joint deterioration & increased

　　pain. The actively growing blood cells in the bone marrow take priority over

　　the cartilage for the available water that goes through the bone structure.

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