2016考研英语阅读冲刺精选：和苏打饮料的战争

　　考研英语阅读真题中的文章，多摘自英美主流外刊，有时候你认识所有单词、搞清全部语法还不够，还需要了解英美文化，掌握他们的表达方式，这就是阅读的潜台词。有时候是一些俗语和俚语，有时候是固定搭配，有时候需要借助历史、风俗、文化才能理解某种现象或表达。总之，这些地道的英语文章背后都有潜台词，一般人不容易读出，但往往是理解文章的关键。

　　2016考研初试临近，新东方在线考研分享《2016考研英语阅读精选》，赶快来学习吧！

　　Fighting ‘Big Soda’

　　和苏打饮料的战争

　　导读：苏打汽水几乎是现代人必不可少的休闲饮品。偶尔解解馋尚可，如果把它当成每日必需品那就大事不妙了。这种热量高、含糖量高的饮料不仅一点营养也没有，还会增加人们罹患糖尿病、心脏病、中风等风险。对战苏打饮料，靠政府估计是行不通了，管住嘴才是王道。

　　Sugar is not good for our health. But you may reason that a single can of Coke every day won’t do you much harm. After all, with exercise, you can burn off the calories from that can of Coke anyway.

　　糖分对人体健康无益。不过你可能会说，每天一罐可乐也不会造成多大危害啊。毕竟你每天的运动量足够消耗掉喝进去的可乐的热量。

　　If this is your way of thinking, then congratulations! You are Big Soda’s ideal consumer.

　　如果你这么认为，那么恭喜你!你绝对是大汽水最爱的顾客。

　　The term “Big Soda” refers to two soft drink companies: Coca-Cola and Pepsi. American soda consumption has experienced a sustained decline. In China, however, it’s a different story. According to a Xinhua News Agency report, Coca-Cola’s soda sales went up 10 percent in the second quarter this year compared to the same time last year.

　　“大汽水”一词特指两大软饮料生产商：可口可乐和百事可乐。在美国，苏打饮料的销量持续下降，而在中国则完全是不同的光景。据新华社报道，今年第二季度，可口可乐公司的汽水销量比去年同期增长了10%。

　　Increases in soda consumption can be worrisome to health experts. In her recent book Soda Politics: Taking on Big Soda (and Winning), New York University nutrition professor Marion Nestle makes a fiery case against the soda industry. She says it’s all right if you drink sweet drinks occasionally. But drinking it every day is “plainly unhealthy”.

　　苏打汽水销量增长着实让营养学家很头疼。纽约大学营养学教授马里昂•奈斯特在她的新书《汽水政治：和大汽水的较量(必胜)》中犀利地将矛头直指汽水行业。她说，偶尔喝一点甜汽水无妨，但是如果每天都喝那就是“作死”。

　　According to The Economist, one large study cited in Nestle’s book “found that for each [12-ounce] can added to a person’s daily diet, the risk of diabetes jumped by 22 percent. There are also links between sugar and heart disease, obesity, stroke and cancer”. Unlike fruits or even a Big Mac, sweet drinks have no nutritional value. A 12-ounce (340-gram) can of Coke, for example, has 140 calories and 39 grams of sugar but no protein or fiber.

　　据《经济学人》杂志说，奈斯特在书中引用了一项大型研究的成果，它“发现每餐喝一罐(12盎司)汽水，人患上糖尿病的概率增加22%。糖分和心脏病、肥胖、中风、癌症也有关系。不像水果，甜味饮料毫无营养可言，甚至巨无霸汉堡都相对有营养价值些。比如，一罐12盎司(340克)可乐的热量是140卡路里，含有39克糖，却不含任何的蛋白质和纤维素。

　　Nestle also points out that drinking a lot of soda has a broader cost. Chronic diseases caused by unhealthy diets can create a burden for a country’s healthcare system.

　　奈斯特还指出，饮用过多汽水还会有更大的代价。不健康的饮食造成的慢性病会给国家的医疗保健系统增加巨大负担。

　　Increased health awareness has turned a lot of US consumers against soda. On a political level, lawmakers are also waging a war against Big Soda. Thirty-three US states are taxing soda or sugar-sweetened drinks, while some are considering introducing warning labels for soda ads and soda products.

　　健康意识的提升让很多美国消费者拒绝喝汽水。在政治层面上，立法者也对大汽水群起而攻之。美国有三十三个州向汽水或含糖饮料征税，还有地方考虑在汽水广告和苏打制品的广告标签上引入警告标识。

　　But soda companies won’t just sit quietly and let their profits dwindle. “Soda companies spend billions on marketing,” writes The Economist. Thanks to celebrity endorsers, advertising campaigns have helped Coca-Cola and Pepsi become some of the world’s best-loved brands.

　　不过苏打水公司可不会坐视不管，任凭利润下降。“苏打水公司花了数十亿在营销上，“《经济学人》说。因为明星代言，广告宣传帮助可口可乐和百事可乐位列全世界最受欢迎的品牌。

　　According to The New York Times, soda companies also use “armies of lobbyists to persuade cities, states and Congress not to crack down on sugary drinks”.

　　据《纽约时报》报道，苏打水公司还动用了“游说大军搞定城市、州和国会，让它们不要打压甜汽水。“

　　The Times points to Philadelphia as an example. When the mayor sought to impose a new tax on sugary sodas in 2011, the soda lobby offered a big donation to the city’s children’s hospital and “successfully lobbied the City Council to let the proposal die”.

　　《纽约时报》以费城为例，2011年当市长设法对甜汽水征收新税时，苏打水的游说集团就向市儿童医院捐赠了大笔资金，并“成功说服市议会让增税提案流产“。

　　The Times also provides a second example. In New York State in 2010, governor David Paterson proposed a 1-cent-per-ounce tax to be paid by the bottlers or distributors. The soda industry responded with “an advertising campaign describing it as an unfair tax that would cut into family food budgets,” reported The New York Times. The tax proposal then fizzled out.

　　《纽约时报》还举了另外一个例子。2010年，纽约州州长大卫•帕特森提案，每销售一盎司汽水，装瓶公司或经销商上缴1美分税款。苏打水公司的回应是“铺天盖地的广告攻势，把这项提案形容为不公平的税收，会破坏每个家庭的食物预算，“《纽约时报》报道。该增税提案最终也失败告终。

　　来源：21英语网

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