2017考研英语拓展阅读：给有志读博孩子们的一封“情书”

　　考研英语阅读能力提升需要不断地积累练习，通过阅读来积累词汇量，提升阅读速度和理解能力。冲刺阶段，阅读力度要加大，新东方在线持续分享一些有关政治、经济、文化、生活、体育、科技等方面的文章，大家要多多拓展。下面一篇文章是关于给有志读博孩子们的一封“情书”。

　　2017考研英语拓展阅读：给有志读博孩子们的一封“情书”

　　Why should you do a PhD?

　　你为何需要读博?

　　For many people, acquiring a doctorate degree is the absolute pinnacle of academic achievement, giving them the right to call themselves "doctor". These are perfectly good reasons to do a PhD.

　　对于很多人而言，获得博士学位绝对是学术成就的顶峰，这使得他们有权自称“博士”。这些都是读博的绝佳理由。

　　However, the act of pursuing a PhD can be a complex, expensive and time-consuming exercise. But with the right PhD preparation, some sound advice, and a thorough understanding of the task at hand, your years as a doctoral student can be some of the most rewarding of your life.

　　然而，读博的过程是复杂的、花钱的且费时的。但是如果有正确的读博准备、一些不错的建议和对手边工作的透彻理解，你的读博岁月能够成为你一生当中收货最多的时光。

　　What is a PhD, exactly?

　　博士学位的确切含义是什么?

　　The term "PhD" is often used as a synonym for any doctoral-level qualification. In actual fact, doctorate degrees can often be split into two sections: MPhil and PhD.

　　“博士学位”一词通常是具有任何博士水平资质的同义词。事实上，博士学位往往会被分为两大类：副博士和哲学博士。

　　What is a PhD thesis? And what is a PhD viva?

　　什么是博士学位论文?什么是博士学位答辩?

　　A PhD thesis will be produced in close cooperation with an academic supervisor, usually one with expertise in that particular field of study. This dissertation is the backbone of a PhD, and is the candidate’s opportunity to communicate their research to others in their field (and a wider audience).

　　博士学位论文是在与导师的密切合作下完成的，通常是特定研究领域内的一个专门知识。论文是博士学位的主干，是攻读者与同一领域内的人(知识面更广)交流研究的契机。

　　PhD students also have to explain and defend their thesis in front of a panel of academics. It’s this part of the process that PhD students often find the most challenging, which is known as a “viva”.

　　博士生还必须得在一组学者面前进行答辩。这是博士生们觉得最具挑战性的环节，俗称“答辩”。

　　PhD eligibility

　　博士学位资质

　　Students who want to study for a PhD will usually be required to have obtained a master’s degree in a related field of study (some universities may accept a strong undergraduate degree).

　　想要攻读博士学位的学生一般需要持有相关领域的硕士学位(部分大学可能接受能力强的本科生)。

　　Doing a PhD part-time

　　做兼职

　　Many PhD and MPhil candidates choose to pursue their qualification part-time, in order to allow time to work and earn while studying.

　　为了在学习的同时工作和赚钱，很多博士生和副博士生会选择做兼职。

　　Your PhD supervisor

　　你的博士导师

　　Choosing the right PhD supervisor for you is essential if you want to get the most out of your PhD.

　　如果你想要学到最多的东西，那么选择一个正确的博士导师对你而言至关重要。

　　How to successfully complete your PhD

　　如何顺利拿到博士学位

　　There is, alas, no sure-fire way to ensure doctoral success. It won’t take you long to realise that as a PhD candidate, long hours and sleepless nights become part of the norm.

　　哎!没有能够确保顺利毕业的方法。不久之后，你就会意识到作为一个博士生，长时间学习和熬夜会是正常生活的一部分。

　　Coping with PhD stress

　　处理压力

　　If you do decide to embark on a doctorate, you are sure to encounter stress. The work involved is often carried out alone, the hours can be long and many students can suffer from the pressure that they feel is on their shoulders.

　　如果你决定攻读博士学位，你就肯定会有压力。而这也往往需要你一个人扛，压力时间会持续很长，很多学生会受到他们肩上的压力的折磨。

　　Post-doctorate: what happens after you finish your PhD?

　　博士后：完成博士学位后会发生什么?

　　Life after doctorate. What does it hold? The short answer is "who knows?" Many new doctors want to pursue a career in academia, many move into industry. Some might take some time out if they can afford to.

　　攻读完博士后，你会有怎样的生活?简单的答案即是“谁知道啊?”很多刚毕业的博士生想要在学术界有一份工作，还有很多人会求职工业。如果有钱的话，有些人还会花上一些时间出行。

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