历年考研英语一阅读理解考点分析

　　I、高频考点出处

　　一、as结构

　　regard…as…(2011)

　　call…as…(2011)

　　use…as…(2004)

　　consider…as…(2004)

　　treat…as…(2014)

　　portray…as…(2012)

　　view…as…

　　see…as…

　　look upon…as

　　treat…as…

　　think of…as…

　　二、否定词

　　2011 Q22 细节题---猜词 unpretentious—modest

　　2011 Q39 细节推理题---猜词 unrealistic—misleading

　　2012 Q26 词义题 reneging on—dishonoring

　　2012 Q40 态度题 but, bad—disapproval

　　2013 Q23词义题 indictment—accusation

　　2014 Q24 细节推理 hurting, terrifying, embarrassing, hard to get—uneasy

　　2015 Q27 态度题 discard—disapproval

　　三、特殊标点

　　2013 Q34 细节题 冒号

　　2012 Q24 细节推理题 冒号

　　2012Q 29 细节题 冒号

　　2011 Q36 观点题 冒号

　　2007 Q31 细节题 冒号

　　2012 Q36 推理题 分号

　　2013 Q25 主旨题 分号

　　2014 Q38 细节题 分号

　　II、阅读解题技巧

　　一、细节题

　　【解题方法】题干+选项精确定位法

　　【解题步骤】

　　1. 找题干关键词，精确定位到文章(题干的关键词一般会定位到文章的某句或者相连的两句中)

　　2. 将所选答案精确定位到文章

　　【例题】2012年Text1

　　22. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should _________.

　　[A] recruit professional advertisers

　　[B] learn from advertisers’ experience

　　[C] stay away from commercial advertisers

　　[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements

　　The idea seems promising ，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. “Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1 题干定位：段落的最后一句

　　Rosenberg--- Rosenberg

　　holds---argues

　　that---that

　　public-health advocates--- public-health advocates

　　should---ought to

　　因此，答案定位在take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

　　2 选项定位

　　答案[B] learn from advertisers’ experience

　　learn from---take a page from 表“学习”。

　　experience---skilled 表示“有经验的，很娴熟的”。

　　二、推断题

　　【解题方法】找段落中心句

　　寻找段落中心句方法：

　　第一、逻辑上出现转承关系的句子(转折、因果、递进，即有therefore, thus, but, however, in short, all in all 等提示词的句子);

　　第二、有明确表示观点的路标指引词(think, believe, deny, acknowledge, insist, according to, claim…)

　　第三、含有情态动词的句子(should, must…)

　　第四、含有特殊标点的句子(冒号、破折号、引号、括号)

　　第五、特殊句型(疑问句、倒装句、强调句、省略句)

　　第六、平铺直叙段落中，注意首末句

　　【解题步骤】

　　1. 根据题干，寻找该段落中心句,

　　2. 正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写

　　【例题】2009年Text4

　　37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.

　　[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history

　　[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World

　　[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life

　　[D] were obsessed with religious innovations

　　To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1. 寻找段落中心句(转折处)

　　But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.

　　2. 正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写

　　答案[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World

　　New Englanders--- the original Puritans

　　brought with ---carriers

　　them---the original puritans

　　the culture---culture

　　old world---European

　　三、态度题

　　【解题方法】作者态度分类法

　　1. 在判断感情色彩时，应结合以下两点。

　　1)作者态度可以分为三大类：a. 正向态度：支持，乐观，赞同; b. 客观、中立、公正;c. 负向态度：反对、批评、怀疑

　　2)特别注意作者的态度一般与文章中心相联系。不要把自己的态度纳入其中，而且要注意区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度。

　　2. 匹配选项。匹配选项时应该注意：

　　1)有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项)：indifferent(漠不关心);subjective(主观的);biased(有偏见的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)。

　　2)一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly;completely;entirely。

　　3. 态度题的新趋势：

　　1)现在题目的考察不仅仅局限于作者的态度，也开始考察文章中某人的观点和态度，做题时特别应该注意看清楚题目考察的是谁对谁的态度。

　　2)选项可能不在是态度明确的肯定或者否定的词，而是改为带有程度限制的词语，带有如下词语的选项往往是正确的：guarded慎重的，qualified有条件的，tempered缓和的，因为带有保留态度的观点比较客观，一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly completely entirely

　　【解题步骤】

　　1.判断选项ABCD的态度正负向，将四个选项进行分类(正向，负向)

　　2.根据关键词，回文定位判断态度。

　　【例题】2015年Text 2

　　They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.

　　27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of

　　[A] disapproval.

　　[B] indifference.

　　[C] tolerance.

　　[D] cautiousness.

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1 判断选项态度的正负向

　　[A] disapproval反对的(负)

　　[B] indifference漠不关心的(中立)

　　[C] tolerance包容(正)

　　[D] cautiousness谨慎的(正)

　　2 回文判断态度

　　They should start by discarding California’s lame argument

　　因此，根据文章的discarding，可以确定是表示负向否定态度，因此答案选A。

　　四、主旨题

　　【解题方法】1串线法 2主题词复现法 3框架法

　　【解题步骤】

　　1. 找出段落中心句或者主题词

　　2. 串联各段段落中心句，合并同类项，即可得出全文主旨

　　【例题】2008年Text 1

　　25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

　　[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

　　[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?

　　[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

　　While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

　　Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

　　Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”

　　Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”

　　Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”

　　Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1. 总结每段中心

　　Para1 女性比男性压力大

　　Para2 从生物角度而言，女性比男性压力大

　　Para3 现实中，女性比男性压力大

　　Para4 女性和男性面对的压力的不同特点

　　Para5 举例论证女性压力的特点

　　Para6 女性压力的现状及应对建议

　　2.合并同类项，即可得出全文主旨

　　Para1 women men stress

　　Para2 women men stress

　　Para3 women men stress

　　Para4 women men stress

　　Para5 women stress

　　Para6 women stress

　　Para1-Para4 women men stress(两性压力不平等)

　　Para5-Para6 women stress(压力下的女性)

　　正确答案[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

　　五、词汇题

　　【解题方法】1. 构词法猜词2. 语法猜词

　　【解题步骤】

　　1. 拆分词词根词缀

　　2. 联系上下文语法猜词

　　【例题】2011年Text1

　　22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is

　　[A]influential. [B]modest. [C]respectable. [D]talented.

　　One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.

　　【解题步骤】

　　第一步：本题表面是细节题，定位为

　　题干：Tommasini文章：Tommasini

　　regards…as…call…(as)…

　　Gilberthim

　　anan

　　artistmusician

　　who isunpretentious

　　第二步：本题转化为猜词题

　　词根词缀猜词：un+pretent+ious，其中pretent是pretend(假装)的词根，单词的表面意思是“不假装的”，意思就是“谦虚的，低调的”，因此选B。