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2018考研英语考点:被动语态的用法

2017-01-25 10:19:27来源:网络

  我们知道,倒装、虚拟、被动和省略,一直是考研英语当中的四大核心知识点,相应的考点数量也众多。对此,新东方在线就针对其中的被动态展开详细叙述,带领大家学习与之相关的重要考点。

  被动态的用法

  1、不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者,这时就用被动语态。

  I felt a littlie nervous when I was beinginterviewed. 我接受面试的时候,有点紧张。

  These fighters are imported from Russia. 这些战斗机是从俄国进口的。

  That place has been turned into a swimmingpool. 那个地方已被变成游泳池。

  2、说话或发表意见时,为了显得客观公正,也常用被动语态

  He’ssaid/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 据说/据信/据报道他在美国。

  常用句型(that后面跟句子):

  It is said that…….

  It is reported that…….

  It is hoped that…….

  It is believed that…….

  It is announced that…….

  it is (well) known that…….

  It has been decided that…….

  It is supposed that…….

  It is suggested that…….

  It must be remembered that…….

  It is taken for granted that…….

  主动句变被动句

  一:时态不能改变;二:变为被动语态后,谓语动词要和被动语态的主语在人称、数上保持一致。还要作如下变动:把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;主动语态的主语放在by的后面,组成介词短语,再把这个介词短语放在被动语态的谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时,by短语可以省略。

  They will open a new supermarket theresoon.

  A new supermarket will be opened theresoon.

  Somebody has warned us to be careful ofrats.

  We have been warned to be careful of rats.

  如果主动语态有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语),变为被动语态时,可将其中任何一个宾语变为主语,另一个不变。但较常见的是将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。

  The reporters asked the president somequestions.

  The president was asked some questions bythe reporters. (变间接宾语为主语)

  Some questions were asked the president bythe reporters. (变直接宾语为主语)

  情态动词被动态

  句中含有情态动词时,其被动语态的结构是:情态动词+be+过去分词:

  The timetable can be changed any time. 时间表随时可以改变。

  This book may not be taken out of thereading room. 这本书不允许带出阅览室。

  This dictionary must be taken good care of.这本词典必须保管好。

  其他要点

  1、有些动词形式上是主动,意义上是被动。

  School begins in September. 学校九月份开学。

  The library doesn’t open onSunday. 图书馆星期天不开放。

  The machine runs well. 这台机器容易操作。

  My pen writes well. 我的钢笔好使。

  The cloth washes well. 这料子耐洗。

  The dictionary sells well. 这词典销路很好。

  The door will not shut/lock. 门关/锁不上。

  2、make, see, watch,hear, notice, feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。但在被动语态中,不定式符号to必须补上。

  They made him go. 他们让他去。

  He was made to go. 他被要求去了。

  I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我听见他向他的朋友说再见。

  He was heard to say good-bye to hisfriends. 有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。

  3、除助动词be外,动词get有时也可跟过去分词构成被动语态,是比较口语化的一种被动语态。这种结构中很少用by短语。

  I got lost in the huge market. 在那个巨大的市场中我迷失了方向。

  In the end this story got translated intoEnglish. 这故事最后被译成了英文。 His car got damaged in aroad accident. 他的车在交通事故中被毁了。

  4、“have/get+宾语+过去分词”这个句型也表达了一种被动的意思。

  I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sundaywhen I was shopping. 上星期天买东西的时候我的钱夹被盗。

  I bought these books at a discount and hadtwo hundred dollars saved. 我打折买了这些书,省了两百美元。

  5、在need, want, require后面,主动的-ing形式表达被动的意思:

  our garden needs watering. (=…to bewatered) 你的花园需要浇水。

  Does your suit require pressing, sir? 先生,您的衣服要烫吗?

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