2018考研英语必看经典熟词僻义（超全）

　　initiate vt把初步知识传授给;使初步了解[(+in/into)]

　　He initiated his son into the game of chess. 他把下棋的初步知识教给儿子。

　　(通过正式或秘密仪式)接纳(新成员)[(+into)]The club initiated twelve members.俱乐部正式接受12个人为会员。

　　inject vt插(话);引入;投入[(+into)]inject a note of humor into a story 给故事增添一点幽默

　　insert vt 刊登(广告等)[(+in)]They inserted an advertisement in the newspaper. 他们在这家报纸上刊登一则广告。

　　(缝纫中)镶,补[(+in/on)]She inserted a patch in the sleeve. 她给袖子打了个补丁。

　　n插入物镶嵌物;镶块 (书中的)插页;夹在报刊中的散页广告;(电影中的)插入镜头;插入场面;插入广告

　　The magazine contains a special insert about holidays abroad. 这本杂志有一张关于国外度假的特别插页。

　　inspire vt赋予某人灵感; 启迪You inspired me by playing the piano so beautifully.你弹的优美钢琴曲激发了我的灵感。

　　institution n慈善机构; 知名人士, 名流; 惯例, 习俗; 制度为人熟知常在某处的人

　　The government built a charitable institution for the education of young children.政府建立了个儿童教育慈善机构。

　　My uncle has become quite an institution at the club! 我叔叔在俱乐部里已是颇有名气的人物了!

　　They adopted western culture, institutions, and even clothing.他们接受了西方的文化、习俗甚至服饰。

　　That old man in the park is a regular institution.那老人是这公园的常客。

　　【真题例句】 The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert. 【2011年阅读text1】

　　因此这些广为流传的录音已使传统的古典音乐会的风俗陷入危机。

　　instruction n[pl]使用说明书, 操作指南The instructions for assembling the toy are very clear.如何装配玩具的说明很明了。

　　instrument n被外界所利用的人[物], 傀儡，引来某事物的人或物;正式文件

　　We humans are merely the instruments of fate.我们人只不过受命运的摆布。

　　The organization he had built up eventually became in the instrument of his downfall.

　　他所建立的组织最终成了导致他垮台的东西。

　　The King signed the instrument of abdication.国王签署了退位的正式文件。

　　intelligence n情报, 消息;情报人员

　　The general had secret intelligence of the enemy.将军掌握了有关敌人的秘密情报。

　　Intelligence has reported that enemy is planning a new attack.情报人员报告说敌军正在策划发动新攻势。

　　intensive adj(构成复合形容词)需要大量(大批)....的 a capital-intensive 需要大批的资本的工业

　　interest n重要性;影响[U][(+with)]Her interest with him is considerable. 她对他的影响相当大。

　　[常用复]利益; 利害关系; 权利; 股权

　　One should not look after one's own interests alone.一个人不应当只顾自己的利益。

　　利息The loan is interest free.这项贷款是无息的。

　　【真题例句】They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.

　　他们不喜欢全国性的代理机构，但是由于自身利益的驱使，又不得不与他们打交道。【2005年新题型】

　　internal adj来自自身的a theory which lacks internal consistency缺乏自身一致性的理论

　　精神的，心灵的，内心的 wrestling with internal doubts.努力消除内心的疑虑。

　　命题及判卷的an internal examiner.校内主考人

　　intimate vt.示意, 暗示adj详尽的, 精通的

　　He intimated his wishes with a slight nod of his head.他微微点头示意。

　　This is an intimate knowledge of African religions.这是一本关于非洲宗教的详尽的书。

　　introduce vt引进, 采用

　　Production is going up because we have introduced new techniques.产量提高因我们采用了新技术。

　　invent vt编造She invented false news.她捏造了假消息。

　　invert adj【化】转化的invert sugar 转化糖

　　invest vt 笼罩，包围Fog invests the city.大雾笼罩城市。

　　The enemy invested the city and cut it off from our army.敌人包围了城市, 并把它同我们的部队隔绝。

　　【书】授予[(+with)][H] 【书】赋于,使充满[(+with)][H]

　　The trade union is invested with the power to call a strike. 工会被授于号召罢工的权力。

　　The ancient castle was invested with an air of mystery. 这座古堡充满神秘的气氛。

　　vi. 投资,入股[(+in)]He invested heavily in the cotton business. 他在棉花生意上投入巨资。

　　invite vt引诱, 怂恿; 招致Recklessness invites disaster.粗心大意招致灾难。

　　iron n坚强刚强冷酷There is more iron to her than I supposed.她比我原来想像要坚强得多。

　　adj残酷的The people suffered under his iron rule. 民众在他的暴虐统治下受苦受难。

　　刚强的He is a man of iron self-control. 他是一个有极强的自制能力的人。

　　isolate vt使(细菌)分离; 与种群分离

　　A chemist can isolate the oxygen from the hydrogen in water.一个化学家能把水中的氧和氢分解。

　　issue vi.冒出, 流出; 传出Strange sounds issued from the castle.城堡传来怪异的声音。

　　item n 品种Gone forever are the days when this item sold well. 这一品种畅销的日子一去不复返了。

　　新闻的一条A news item initially released to only one publication or broadcaster.

　　独家新闻只被一家出版社或电台披露的新闻

　　jam vt (发射无线电波)干扰(信息, 节目)

　　They were sent to jam the enemy's radio stations during the war.战争期间他们被派去干扰敌人的电台。

　　jazz n〈俚〉废话Don't give me that jazz!别跟我胡扯!

　　vt.使更有生气This party is boring, let's try and jazz it up a bit.这个聚会太无聊了, 让我们想法把它搞得活跃一点吧。

　　jealous adj注意的; 保卫的; 珍惜的, 戒备的

　　An honorable Chinese citizen should be jealous of his own rights.一名光荣的中国公民应当珍惜自己的公民权利。

　　joint adj联合的,共同的;合办的,共有的

　　By their joint efforts they managed to complete the project on time. 他们通过共同努力总算按时完成了计划。

　　We have opened a joint account at the bank. 我们在银行开了一个共有的帐户。

　　jump n猛长, 激增There has been a jump in the price of food.食品价格暴涨。

　　vi一致, 符合(with)His ideas jump with mine.他的意见与我一致。

　　(结论)匆匆做出; (话题、主张等)突然改变Don't jump to a hasty conclusion. 不要匆匆作出结论。

　　快速行动;迅速采取行动

　　【真题例句】 Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them。【2010年翻译第46题】

　　科学家们迅速赶来挽救这种局面，他们拿出的证据显然站不住脚，大意是鸟类不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们人类吃掉。

　　just adj合理的, 有充分根据的We hold that their proposal is just and reasonable.我们认为他们的建议是合情合理的。

　　justice n法律制裁; 司法; 审判Justice was met out to him.他受到了应得的惩处。

　　keen vi.(常用于进行式)痛哭vt用哀号声发出

　　Keening over her murdered son.痛哭她那被谋杀的儿子

　　The bereft girl keened her sorrow. 那个失去亲人的姑娘哭出自己的悲痛之情。

　　a激烈的紧张的That is a keen football match. 那是一场激烈的足球比赛。

　　keep vt抚养;饲养;经营,开设(商店等)

　　He needs more money to keep his wife and children. 他需要更多的钱来抚养妻子儿女。

　　They kept a small hotel in the town. 他们在城里开了一家小旅店。

　　key vt【音】为...调音; The musicians keyed their instruments just before the concert began. 乐师们在音乐会前为乐器调了音。

　　用键盘输入I have keyed this sentence three times, and it's still wrong!我把这个句子输入了三次, 可是仍然不对。

　　kick n〈非正〉极度兴奋, 快乐;I get a big kick from[out of] motor racing.我觉得赛车很刺激。

　　精力, 效应He has no kick left in him.他已筋疲力尽。

　　a kick in the teeth讨厌的、且常为未料到的行动;突然的很大的挫败

　　The Government's decision is a real kick in the teeth for the unions.政府决定是对工会重大打击。

　　kill vt.使停止[结束, 失败]This has killed my hopes.这毁灭了我的希望。

　　消磨(时间)He killed ten good years on that job. 他在那件工作上浪费了整整十年时间。

　　kiss vi 轻抚，轻触The wind kissed her hair. 微风轻拂着她的头发。

　　受...青睐For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded

　　每一个幸运成为成功作家的背后都有许多人永远无法实现自己的作家梦。

　　lag n.滞后(时间上)间隔There is a time lag of about fifteen years.时间上有一段约15年的间隔。

　　2. (锅炉等的)外套;绝热层the lag of a cylinder 汽缸保温套

　　及物动词 vt. 1. 给...装外套(或绝热层)

　　If you lag your hot water tank, you'll save money on your fuel bills. 如果你给热水箱装上外套,你就可以少付燃料费帐了。

　　lame n站不住脚的, 差劲的, 蹩脚的Sleeping too long is a lame excuse for being late.睡过头而迟到,这借口站不住脚。

　　land vt获得The teacher hoped to land some good students.老师希望得到好学生。

　　使陷于Hunting without a license will land you in trouble. 无证狩猎将会使你陷入麻烦。

　　【口】弄到,捞到He was lucky to land a good job. 他很幸运,找到一份好工作。

　　【口】给予(打击) Richard landed him a blow on the left eye. 理查在他左眼上打了一拳。

　　卸货The ship landed the goods at New York. 这船将货卸在纽约。

　　lane n分道, 跑道; 泳道;航道, 航线

　　The champion is running in lane five.冠军跑在第五跑道上。

　　The ship went through the busy shipping lanes of the English Channel.这艘轮船通过了繁忙的英吉利海峡船运航线。

　　lap n掌管, 管理范围, 控制范围Everything falls into his lap.他事事如意。

　　山坳，低洼处a power station built in the lap of a mountain建造在山坳中的电站

　　[喻]怀抱, 境遇live in the lap of luxury处在奢侈生活环境

　　裙兜She put the apples in her lap.她把苹果装在了裙兜里。

　　一圈He put in a spurt at the beginning of the eighth lap.他进入第八圈时便开始冲刺。

　　舔食Cats and dogs lap water.猫狗舔水。

　　vt轻拍; 冲拍Water lapped the sides of the boat.河水轻拍着小舟的两侧。

　　包; 缠绕(布等)于She lapped my finger with gauze.她用绷带将我的手指包起来。

　　使部分重叠;折叠[O][(+over)]He lapped one plate over another. 他把一只只盘子叠起来。

　　领先一圈Before the end of the race Bob had lapped Jimmy.比赛结束前鲍勃一圈领先吉米。

　　舐,舐食[(+up)]The dog lapped up the water. 狗舔光了水。

　　vi 包围Joy lapped over the audience.观众沉浸于欢乐之中。

　　延伸Her reign lapped over into the seventeenth century.她的统治延至17世纪。

　　跑完一圈James lapped in two minutes.詹姆斯在两分钟内跑完一圈。

　　late adj已故的 Her late husband was an outstanding scientist.她已故丈夫是位杰出的科学家。

　　前任的The visitor is the late President, now a scholar.这位来访者是前总统, 现为学者。

　　新的This is the late development of science.这是科学的新发展。

　　lateral lateral thinking水平思考,侧面思考(指从各个不同角度来思考问题)

　　Give your poor old restricted brain a new lease of life with "lateral thinking".

　　用“横向思维”给你那贫乏，古板的脑子注入新的活力吧。

　　latitude n [pl](尤指关于气候的)地区;自由, 自由范围

　　high/low latitude 高/低纬度地区

　　She was given considerable latitude in how she spent the money.在如何花这笔钱的问题上她有很大的自由。

　　lay vt准备,安排;拟定They laid down a number of rules. 他们制定了一些规则。

　　使平息, 使消失The rain quickly laid the dust.雨水很快消除了空中飞扬的尘土。

　　打赌, 下赌注I'll lay five pounds that you don't succeed.我出五英镑打赌, 你不会成功。

　　使处于(某种状态) The earthquake laid the village in ruins.地震使这个村子成了一片废墟。

　　宣称;提出[O]The proposal was laid before the committee. 建议被提交委员会讨论。

　　归(罪)于;把...归于He laid his failure to his lack of experience.他把失败归于缺乏经验。

　　adj凡俗的,世俗的;外行的She serves as a lay teacher at the convent school. 她在修道院的学校当非神职的教师。

　　To the lay mind, these technical terms are incomprehensible.对外行人来讲,这些技术术语是无法理解的。

　　layer n【植】压条vt. 1. 把...堆积成层2. 用压条法培植

　　The earth's crust is layered地球的外壳是分层的。

　　league n[c] 种类;范畴;等级They are not in the same league. 他们的水平有高低。

　　vt. 使结盟;使联合countries that are leagued together 结盟的国家

　　vi联合联盟We must league together against this threat.我们应该联合起来共同反对此威胁。

　　lecture vt.责备, 教训, 训斥Don't lecture the child.不要责备孩子。

　　冗长的训斥[谴责]My father gave me a lecture for smoking.我父亲因我吸烟而训斥我。

　　leg n (旅程中的)一段航程; (接力赛中每个运动员承担的)一段赛程

　　the last leg of the flight飞行中的最后一段路程

　　lend vt增添;增加 The dress lent charm to the girl.那件衣服给那个姑娘增添了妩媚。

　　提供;贡献She lent her name to many worthy cause.她参与了很多值得一做的事情。

　　lend oneself to 赞助, 参与lend itself to适合于

　　He would never lend himself to violence.他绝不会参与暴力。

　　The music doesn't lend itself to dancing.这音乐不适宜于跳舞

　　贷(款)He used to lend money at an extremely high rate of interest. 他过去经常放高利贷。

　　let vt出租,租给[O1][(+to)][(+out)]Mrs. White let me a room. 怀特太太租给我一间房间。

　　(用于祈使句)假设;即使[O3]Let the two lines be parallel. 假设这两条线平行。

　　vi. 出租That apartment lets for $500 a month. 那公寓房子以每月五百美元出租。