2018考研英语双语阅读：悲观态度是女性最大的敌人

　　2018考研复习进行时，考研英语阅读真题中的文章，多摘自英美主流外刊，有时候你认识所有单词、搞清全部语法还不够，还需要了解英美文化，掌握他们的表达方式，这就是阅读的潜台词。下面新东方在线考研整理《2018考研英语双语阅读精选》，速来学习吧！

　　Controversial study claims female pessimism keeps them from seeking higher salaries

　　女性最大的压迫竟然来源于自己!悲观态度是女性最大的敌人

　　导读：“女职工满意悖论”是指这样一种情况，即女性虽然比男性收入更少，但是她们比男人更满意，英国巴斯大学一项新研究表明，女性无意识的悲观态度在很大程度上阻止了她们升职和加薪。

　　Pessimism about their earning potential could be preventing women from pushing for higher wages or a promotion, according to a new study.

　　据一项最新研究显示，对自己收入潜力的悲观态度可能会阻止女性升职和加薪。

　　In turn, this could be helping to sustain the gender pay gap.

　　反过来，这又会导致性别收入差距继续存在。

　　The study found that women tend to underestimate their earning prospects, while men often do the opposite, and researchers say it could help to explain why women are more often satisfied at work than men despite unequal pay.

　　该研究发现，女性倾向于低估自己的收入前景，而男性则往往相反。而研究人员表示称，这有助于解释为什么薪酬不平等，但是女性通常比男性对自己的工作感到更满意。

　　In the controversial new study from the University of Bath, researchers concluded that pessimism among women could cause them to have little inclination to seek higher wages or even a better paid position.

　　在巴斯大学这项有争议的新研究中，研究人员得出结论，女性的悲观情绪可能会导致她们倾向于追求更高的工资，或者甚至薪水更多的职位。

　　Men, on the other hand, were found to consistently overestimate their own abilities.

　　而另一方面，男性则总是高估自己的能力。

　　The researchers analyzed the British household Panel Survey, a major longitudinal study, to track individuals’ expectations of salaries ranging from unemployment to paid employment.

　　研究人员们对英国家庭小组调查(一项大型纵向研究)进行了分析，追踪从失业人口到有偿工作的人们对工资的期望。

　　While women tended to have lower expectations, men were more likely to feel dissatisfied when the reality didn’t match their outlooks, and consequently pursue better pay or change jobs.

　　他们发现女性的期望往往较低，而男性在现实不符合自己预期时更容易感到不满，从而追求加薪或者换工作。

　　‘If low female expectations in terms of pay is fuelled by a pessimistic outlook, then even without discrimination and progression-related issues, women will continue to underestimate themselves and continue to inadvertently accept pay inequality,’ said Dr Chris Dawson, Senior Lecturer in Business Economics.

　　商业经济学高级讲师克里斯·道森博士表示说：“如果悲观态度降低了女性对工资的预期，那么即使没有歧视和发展相关等问题，女性也将继续低估她们自己，并在不知不觉间接受工资不平等。”

　　‘It has serious implications for policy that is trying to address the gender pay gap and suggests more needs to be done to actively advance women at work, without relying on them to self-select for promotion and senior opportunities.

　　“这对试图解决性别工资差距的政策有着严重的影响，并且表明需要更加积极地在工作中提升女性，而不是依靠她们自己选择晋升机会。”

　　‘The takeaway message of this research is not about putting the responsibility on women, but recognising that without policy measures to address this, we run the risk of never closing the gender pay gap.’

　　“这项研究所传达的意思并不是要把责任归咎于女人身上，而是认识到如果没有政策措施来解决这个问题，我们就有可能永远不能消除性别收入差距。”

　　The researchers say the findings shed light on the complex nature of the pay gap.

　　研究人员们表示称，这些发现揭示了工资差距的复杂本质。

　　It could also help to address the ‘paradox of the contented female worker,’ which describes the phenomenon in which women are more satisfied than their male counterparts despite being paid less.

　　这也可以帮助说明“女职工满意悖论”——即尽管女职工工资更少，但是她们比男职工更满意。

　　‘Whilst the role of unconscious bias in gender relations in the workplace has been well documented, this new research demonstrates the role of unconscious pessimism and passivity on the part of women,’ said Professor Veronica Hope Hailey, Dean of the University’s School of Management.

　　巴斯大学管理学院院长维罗妮卡·霍普·黑利教授表示说：“尽管职场性别关系无意识偏见的作用已经得到了证实，但是这项新研究说明了女性无意识悲观和被动性的影响。”

　　‘It shows the importance of people management practices that enable and encourage women to progress and recognize their value.

　　“它表明了人们管理的重要性——使得、并且鼓励女性取得进步、认识到自己的价值。”

　　‘The onus is on policy makers and employers to foster female talent so that initiatives to close the gender pay gap can succeed.’

　　“政策制定者和企业雇主必须负起责任、培养女性人才，如此一来消除性别收入差距才能成功。”