2018考研英语双语阅读：海洋上漂浮的塑料谁来负责?

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　　Asian nations make plastic oceans promise

　　海洋上漂浮的塑料谁来负责?亚洲多个国家担起责任

　　Nations responsible for much of the world’s ocean plastic pollution have promised to start cleaning up their act.

　　大部分的海洋塑料污染由很多个国家共同导致，这些国家已经承诺要开始为他们的行为负责，还海洋一片清洁。

　　At a UN oceans summit, delegates from China, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines said they would work to keep plastics out of the seas.

　　在联合国海洋峰会上，来自中国、泰国、印度尼西亚和菲律宾的代表们说，他们将努力防止塑料进入海洋。

　　Some of the promises are not yet formalised and environmentalists say the measures proposed are not nearly urgent enough.

　　一些承诺还没有正式实施，一些环保人士表示，提出的措施远远不能缓解现状。

　　But UN officials praised the statement.

　　但联合国对这份声明表示赞许。

　　Meeting in New York, they said it was part of a clear international shift against ocean pollution.

　　在纽约举行的一个会议上，他们表示，这是国际社会对海洋污染问题态度上的明确转变的一部分。

　　Eric Solheim, the UN’s environment director, told BBC News: "There are quite encouraging signs, with nations taking the ocean much more seriously. Of course, there is a very long way to go because the problems are huge."

　　联合国环境部部长Eric Solheim告诉BBC的记者:“这一举动是十分鼓舞人心的，国家对海洋的重视程度比以前高多了。当然，还有很长的路要走，毕竟问题是比较严重的。”

　　It is estimated that 5-13 million tonnes of plastics flow into the world’s oceans annually. Much of it is ingested by birds and fish – and fragments of plastic have even been found in organisms at the bottom of the ocean.

　　据估计，每年有5万至1300万吨塑料进入海洋。其中很大一部分被鸟类和鱼类吃了，而且，在海底的生物中甚至也发现了一些塑料碎片。

　　A recent paper said much of the marine plastic often originates far from the sea – especially in countries which have developed consumer economies faster than their ability to manage waste.

　　最近的一篇论文指出，大部分的海洋塑料都是来自距离海洋很遥远的地方，特别是在那些经济发展速度高于其管理垃圾的能力的国家。

　　The Helmholtz Centre in Leipzig, Germany, estimated that 75% of land-borne marine pollution comes from just 10 rivers, predominantly in Asia.

　　德国的莱比锡的亥姆霍兹中心估计，75%的来自陆地的污染物主要来自10条河流，主要分布在亚洲。

　　Tom Dillon from the Pew Charitable Trusts, which campaign on oceans, urged China to move quickly.

　　来自皮尤慈善信托基金的汤姆.狄龙呼吁中国迅速采取行动。

　　A report to the UN conference from the Thailand government says most marine plastic debris is land-based, caused by inefficient waste management and poor handling of plastic wastes.

　　一份来自泰国政府的联合国会议的报告说，大部分的海洋塑料垃圾是来自大陆内的，主要是由于低效的废物管理和塑料垃圾处理不当造成的。

　　In Thailand, the total amount of garbage finding its way into the sea was estimated at 2.83 million tonnes in 2016 - of which 12% was plastic.

　　在泰国，2016年的流入海洋的垃圾总量约283万吨，其中12%是塑料。

　　The Thai government says the nation has established a 20-year strategy to tackle the problem, including developing financial incentives for keeping plastic out of the sea and encouraging eco-packaging design and eco-friendly substitutes for plastics.

　　泰国政府说，泰国已经制定了20年的计划来解决这一问题，其中包括发展财政奖励措施来防止塑料进入海洋，并鼓励使用环保包装和环保的塑料替代品。

　　In Indonesia, the government is starting a mass education programme for schoolchildren, and in the Philippines new laws are being developed.

　　在印度尼西亚，政府为小学生开设大规模的教育课程，同时菲律宾也正在制定新的法律。

　　Part of the challenge is finding substitutes for plastics. An international prize for smarter materials and design for packaging was launched recently by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation.

　　一个主要问题是寻找塑料替代品。最近，艾伦.麦克阿瑟基金会组织了环保材料包装设计的国际比赛。

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