2018考研英语阅读：“小标题”解题四步策略

　　小标题是英语一和英语二考生共考的一个题型。从英语一历年考频来看，尽管小标题考察频率较低，但是考研英语大纲一直把其作为备考题型，因此，英语一的同学仍然不能忽视其考察的可能性。对于英语二的同学来说，小标题自然是复习的重中之重。小标题主要考察考生总结段落大意的能力，是传统阅读能力考察的延伸。下面我们来总结一下小标题的解题步骤和解题方法，并对其进行针对性训练。

　　一、小标题解题步骤

　　1、精读标题——划关键词

　　2、精读开局——验证主题

　　3、通读各段落——①划关键词(最少两个)②归纳段落大意

　　4、根据关键词，把小标题和段落进行匹配。

　　二、小标题解题方法

　　小标题题要想夺得高分，关键在于第三步：即考生是否能够快速准确总结段落大意。总结段落大意的方法：1 同词复现和同根词复现;2近义复现和反义复现;3代词指代

　　三、小标题例题讲解

　　精读标题——划关键词

　　[A] Set a Good Example for Your Kids

　　[B] Build Your Kids’ Work Skills

　　[C] Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities

　　[D] Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis

　　[E] Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies

　　[F] Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are

　　[G] Build Your Kids’ Sense of Responsibility

　　精读开局——验证主题

　　How Can a Parent Help?

　　Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids。 Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content， the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move。 Here are a few measures， drawn from my book Ready or Not， Here Life Comes， that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness”：

　　通读文章标题和第一段之后，发现本文主题为“父母亲怎样帮助孩子进入成人期?”

　　通读各段落——①划关键词(最少两个)②归纳段落大意

　　41.

　　You can start this process when they are 11 or 12。 Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings， like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating。 Also， identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to， as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best。

　　解答过程：根据关键词strengths，weaknesses，shortcomings，interests，these ， 可以总结本段大意为“帮助孩子了解自己的优缺点”，由此可判断选项[F] Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are(帮助孩子弄清楚他们是谁?)

　　42.

　　Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their clique， pop stars and vaunted athletes。 Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are。 Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future。 When asked what they want to do， they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea。” They can change their minds 200 times， but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good。

　　解答过程：根据关键词regular， discussions，discuss， their own future， the future，可以判断选项[D] Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis

　　43.

　　Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work。 Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met。 Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job。 Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills， such as managing time and setting priorities。

　　解答过程：根据关键词work， esponsibilities around the house， homework， take a part-time job， skills可以判断选项[B] Build Your Kids’ Work Skills

　　44.

　　Playing video games encourages immediate content。 And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way。 At the same time， listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors。 All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs。

　　解答过程：根据关键词Playing video games， watching TV shows， listening through earphones， All these activities可以判断选项[C] Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities

　　45.

　　They should know how to deal with setbacks， stresses and feelings of inadequacy。 They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts， ways to brainstorm and think critically。 Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations。

　　解答过程：根据关键词deal with， solve problems， resolve， these things， these skills，可以判断选项[E] Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies

　　What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play， but now it is more delicate。 They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child。 They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future。 Most of all， these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them。