2018考研英语双语阅读：职场没孩子会受到不公待遇?

　　2018考研复习进行时，考研英语阅读真题中的文章，多摘自英美主流外刊，有时候你认识所有单词、搞清全部语法还不够，还需要了解英美文化，掌握他们的表达方式，这就是阅读的潜台词。下面新东方在线考研整理《2018考研英语双语阅读精选》，速来学习吧！

　　How to say no at work when you don’t have kids

　　职场没孩子会受到不公待遇?妙招教你怎么说“不”

　　Janice Chaka had spent her lunch hour organising a surprise cooking class for a close friend who was visiting from out of town. After getting stuck in traffic on the way back from the venue she ended up back in her office five minutes’ late from her break.

　　为了来自其它地方的亲密朋友，珍妮斯·查卡(Janice Chaka)用午餐时间组织充满惊喜的烹饪课。从准备场所返回时途遇交通堵塞，最后回到办公室比休息指定时间迟了五分钟。

　　“I got asked a lot of questions and I had to stay and do extra work,” she says. “But I know if I’d been late back from taking my kid to the doctor, that wouldn’t have even been an issue, in fact I probably could have taken the whole afternoon off.”

　　她说：“我被问了很多问题，我不得不留下来做额外的工作。但是我知道，如果我是因为带孩子去看医生而迟到的，那就不是事儿，事实上，那我可能一下午都能不来。”

　　That happened a decade ago, when Chaka was working in human resources in Guadalajara, Mexico. But the experience conformed to a pattern that she says was common as she forged a career working for Fortune 100 companies in the US and Mexico throughout her twenties, both as a singleton and while in childless relationships. Colleagues with children were also prioritised when it came to taking their preferred vacation dates, she claims, while fellow single or childless workers struggled to get time off to care for elderly relatives or were asked to go on more frequent business trips.

　　十年前，查卡在瓜达拉哈拉做人力资源工作。但是，她的经历和她所说的模式相同，20多岁间，她都以单身和没有孩子的生活状态为美国和墨西哥的财富100工作。她说，尽管单身同事或者没孩子的员工努力争取休假来照顾年老的亲属或者被要求参与更频繁的商务旅行，当轮到选择喜欢的假期时间时，有孩子的同事还是优先。

　　“The assumption is that you can drop everything or that you don’t have a care in the world,” says Chaka. “Actually, as a single, life is more expensive, you have to run all errands yourself and you don’t have someone to fall back on financially if things go wrong.”

　　查卡说：“(对单身或者没有孩子)的人的假设就是你可以推掉所有事情，或者你对世界不闻不问。事实上，作为一个单身，生活成本更高，所有事情都要自己做，如果陷入不好的局面，没有人可以进行财务支撑。”

　　While it’s tricky to nail down concrete statistics that prove how much singles might be being indirectly penalised in the workplace, a recent UK study of 25,000 workers found that two thirds of childless women aged 28 to 40 felt that they were expected to work longer hours. Growing numbers of workers, academics and analysts are documenting the issue.

　　尽管明确具体统计数据来证明单身在工作场所可能受到间接惩罚是很棘手的，但是英国最近对25,000名工作人员的研究发现，三分之二28至40岁无子女的妇女认为他们预计工作时间会更长。越来越多的员工，学者和分析师正在记录这个问题。

　　During research for his book Going Solo, Eric Klinenberg, a professor of sociology at New York University interviewed hundreds of single people in Europe and America and discovered “there was widespread perception that singles became the workhorses in corporate offices”.

　　纽约大学社会学教授埃里克·克林根伯格(Eric Klinenberg)在为他的书《独行》做调研时，访问了欧洲和美国的成百上千名单身人士，并发现“人们普遍认为单身成为企业办公室的主力”。

　　“I met countless workers who complained that their managers viewed them as always available for late night and weekend assignments, because they didn’t have children or spouses,” he says.

　　他说：“我遇到不计其数的员工，向我抱怨他们的经理把他们看作半夜和周末也能工作的人，因为他们没孩子或者配偶。”

　　“In a few cases, I met women who said that they had been denied raises that they deserved, because their managers believed that they didn’t need the extra money as much as colleagues with children,” adds the author.

　　作者补充道：“在少数案例中，我遇到一些妇女，称她们被拒绝给予应得的升职，因为他们的经理认为比起有孩子的同事，她们不需要额外的钱。”

　　Bella DePaulo, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, explores the phenomenon in her books and studies, and coined the word “singlism” to pin down the stigmatisation, negative stereotyping and discrimination against singles that she believes is widespread in the workplace and society at large. She argues that many employers are missing a trick when it comes to single employees, who, far from being lonely and isolated, are actually more likely to be actively engaged in their communities and have strong relationships with friends who “feel like family, even if they are not family in the traditional sense”.

　　加利福尼亚大学圣芭芭拉分校心理学教授贝拉·德保罗(Bella DePaulo)在她的书籍和研究中探讨了这一现象，并创造了“单一主义”这个词来定义她所认为的在工作场所和整个社会普遍存在的侮辱，消极定型观念和歧视。她认为，许多雇主在单身员工问题上缺乏技巧，这些远离孤独和人际隔离的单身员工，实际上更有可能积极参与社会活动并且和朋友如胶似漆，尽管这些朋友并不是传统意义上的家人，但是也胜似家人。

　　So, what should single workers do if they feel they’re being singled out because of their personal life choices or situation, yet don’t want to jeopardise their careers and reputations?

　　那么，单身工作者如果觉得自己因为个人生活的选择或情况而被挑选出来，而不想危及自己的职业生涯和声誉时，该怎么办呢?

　　“Don’t bitch and moan about your particular circumstances,” is the first advice dished out by UK-based business mentor David Carter.

　　英国商业导师大卫·卡特(David Carter)提出的第一个建议是“不要对你的特殊情况咒骂和抱怨”。

　　He argues that “the answer is in the crowd.” Single colleagues should consider clubbing together, he says, to identify and propose changes to company practices that might benefit the organisation more widely, while at the same time demonstrating their own problem-solving skills.

　　他称“答案就在人群中”。他说，单身同事应该考虑一起聚会，一起来确定并提出改变公司的做法，这些做法可能会使更广泛的组织受益，同时也表现出他们自己解决问题的能力。

　　Other business leaders argue that offering equal latitude to all employees in terms of work schedules is easier said than done.

　　其他商业领袖认为，在工作时间表上向所有员工提供平等的自由度说起来比做起来难。