杭州师范大学2017年考研723综合英语自命题试卷试题

　　杭州师范大学2017年考研723综合英语自命题试卷试题
　　考试科目代码：723
　　考试科目名称：综合英语
　　说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
　　I. Cloze（每小题1分，共30分）
　　Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper words (The first letter is given).
　　At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her (1) f______ intelligence; but at this age the likelihood of death is (2) l______. Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently (3) m______ vulnerable; later, we shall undergo a progressive (4) l______ of our vigour and resistance which, though imperceptible at first, will finally become so steep (5) t______ we can live no longer, however well we look after ourselves, and however (6) w______ society, and our doctors, (7) l______ after us. This decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing. It is one of the (8) m______ unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and disease we shall eventually ‘(9) d_____ of old age’, and that this happens at a rate which differs little (10) f______ person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favour of our (11) d______ between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer -- on into a ninth or tenth decade. But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how (12) l______ we can hope to remain (13) a______, however lucky and robust we are.
　　Normal people tend (14) t_____ forget this process unless and until they are reminded (15) o____ it. We are so familiar (16) w______ the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigour with (17) t______, of becoming more likely to die the (18) o______ we get, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a (19) h______ kettle or the wearing-out of a (20) p______ of shoes. They have also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things ‘wear (21) o_____’. Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we (22) d____, if given the chance to live long enough; and mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun, do in fact run (23) o______ of energy in accordance (24) w______ the second law of thermodynamics (whether the whole universe does so is a moot point at present). But these are not analogous (25) t_____ what happens when man ages. A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. An old (26) w______, by contrast, becomes (27) s_____ worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending. But a watch could never repair itself -- it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction. We could, at one time, (28) r______ ourselves --well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal (29) i______ and accidents. Between twelve and eighty years we gradually (30) l______ this power; an illness which at 12 would knock us over, at 80 can knock us out, and into our grave. If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again.
　　II. Reading Comprehension (每小题2分，共60分)
　　Directions: There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.
　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:
　　Did you know that you could have an exciting career in law without becoming a lawyer? A paralegal, or legal assistant, does many of the things a lawyer does. A paralegal, however, cannot give legal advice, appear in court, or set fees. The duties of a paralegal include drafting, or preparing, legal documents, interviewing clients, and doing research. Most paralegals specialize in one kind of law, such as real estate orlitigation, the actual conduct of a lawsuit. However, criminal law may be the most fascinating area of all.
　　Although law firms hire most paralegals, job opportunities are available in other fields. Corporations, banks, and insurance companies employ paralegals. In the public sector, legal-aid offices, the government, and the courts make use of paralegals. Jobs for legal assistants are also opening up in hospital and school administration and in legal publishing.
　　There continues to be a sharp rise in the number of paralegals. From 1992 to 2005, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of paralegals increased more than 85 percent, from 95,000 to about 175,000 professionals. Although some paralegals who are now employed have had no special training, the competition for jobs will increase. Those people with formal paralegal training will have better chances of being hired in the future.
　　Hundreds of institutions in the United States offer formal paralegal training. Three main kinds of training programs exist. Junior colleges, as well as four-year universities and colleges, offer two-year programs. In addition to law-related and legal specialty courses, studies include general education. A few four-year colleges and universities have programs with a major or minor in legal assistant studies. Some universities, colleges, business schools, and special paralegal training schools also offer training programs.
　　Some of these programs require applicants to have finished at least one and one-half years of college. Other programs accept only college graduates with high grades. Classes may be given full time during the day or part time in the evening. The length of these programs is therefore anywhere from three months to two years. Students study either general law with some training in one or two specialty areas, or they specialize in one kind of law. The best training programs include internships so that students get on-the-job training.
　　1.A paralegal can do all of the following jobs EXCEPT_____.
　　A.giving legal advice B. preparing legal documents
　　C. interviewing clients. D. doing research.
　　2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as the field that paralegals specialize in?
　　A. Law of real estate. B. Drafting legal documents.
　　C. Criminal law. D. Conducting a lawsuit.
　　3. Which of the following offers paralegal training programs?
　　A. School administration. B. Insurance companies.
　　C. Colleges and universities. D. Law corporations.
　　4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
　　A. The number of paralegals increased 80,000 from 1992 to 2005.
　　B. Banks, insurance companies, hospital and school administration all need paralegals.
　　C. The shortest time for paralegal training is three months.
　　D. Companies prefer paralegals who special in one kind of law.
　　5. What attitude does the author take toward the job of being a paralegal?
　　A. Thrilled. B. Neutral. C. Upset D. Concerned.
　　Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
　　Freezing cold, exhausted, soaked through, with massive waves crashing down on me, I was struggling to right my capsized catamaran. Using all my strength to heave the water-laden sail upright, I glimpsed something orange moving towards me through the frothing surf. It was the RNLI lifeboat, coming to rescue me.
　　I had been teaching myself to sail a catamaran ever since a motorbike accident 10 years ago stopped my surfing. I had set my goal of sailing the Cribbar --- a wave off Newquay in Cornwall that can reach 30ft in height, earning it the nickname the Widow Maker. It occurs just once or twice a year, and is usually tackled by only the bravest and most skilled surfers, but I decided that I could ride it on my catamaran, Mischief. I would be the first person to do so.
　　I began by practicing on Neyquay’s normal waves. It was a steep leaning curve --- I had a few sailing lessons but mostly picked it up as I went along.
　　It’s incredibly hard tackling waves travelling at 40mph, often in dreadful conditions. People began to think I was mad, but I ignored them. Every time I launched my boat, I would be terrified but I wouldn’t turn back for anything --- life is about facing your fears and testing your limits. There were moments when I’d think, “This isit” after I’d been hit by a 30mph squall, but I learned to stay calm. The moment passes soon enough.
　　In the early days I had to call the coastguards twice for help. I was very grateful when the lifeboat arrived and appreciated the service it provided.
　　But my relationship with them changed soon after that. Once I had got the hang of righting the boat, I was fine. It took a while, though --- around 20 minutes --- and each time I capsized, well-meaning people on the beach would phone 999, thinking that I was in mortal danger. I wasn’t --- I was having a whale of a time --- but once the coastguards had been called, they had a duty to come out to help me, however unwanted that help was.
　　They’d arrive and I would explain that everything was OK but, since they were here, I wouldn’t mind a hand because the sail was heavy. Afterwards they expected me to limp back into the harbor after them --- to do the “sail of shame” --- but I didn’t see the need, and I didn’t feel contrite, both of which may have needled them.
　　As the “rescue” mounted up, so did the anger of the harbourmaster and the RNLI. They raged at me for wasting time and money --- it costs￡2,500 for each call-out. By the 14th rescue, they threatened to ban me from Newquay harbor and I earned the nickname Captain Calamity. I was also described as a “bloody menace”. They were so fed up with coming to my aid that the coastguards would simply write “Him again” in their logbook.
　　I refused to give up, though, and four years ago I caught the Cribbar for the first time. I felt a huge sense of achievement that I was the first person to do it in a catamaran. I’ve successfully ridden the wave five times since --- despite my boat being destroyed in 2010. The coastguards hoped that would be the end of it, but I just said goodbye to Mischief and bought a replacement.
　　I understood where they were coming from --- they had an obligation to help me --- but I wished they would check first that I wanted to be rescued. I am a strong swimmer and enjoy a wipeout in a big wave. To keep the peace, though, I took the refresher course in sailing that they requested, even if I didn’t think it was necessary.
　　I wasn’t concerned with all the criticism --- embarrassment is pointless emotion --- but I would have liked to be asked why I wanted to sail the Cribbar. My reply is the same as that mountaineer’s: because it’s there. All adventures involve an element ofrisk, which is why they’re fun.
　　The RNLI and I get along famously now. I have invented a system that helps me right my boat in one minute instead of 20 and that has helped enormously --- I have gone from being the bungling idiot to someone doing his own thing. I still check the forecast to see when the Cribbar may develop --- it’s too much fun to stop sailing it.

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