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　　1、broth(n)(煮肉、鱼或蔬菜的)清汤、原汤、高汤

　　★ soup(n)汤，羹

　　(习)in the soup 处于困境，出麻烦

　　If your Mum finds out what you have done，you will really be in the soup。要是 你妈妈发觉你干的事，你就要倒霉了。

　　2、crevice(n) narrow opening or crack in a rock or wall(岩石、墙壁等的)裂缝、缺口

　　★ crack(n)line along which sth has broken，but not into separate parts 裂缝、裂纹

　　a cup with bad cracks in it 有许多裂纹的杯子

　　(n)narrow opening 缝隙

　　She looked through a crack in the curtains 他透过帘子的缝隙观望

　　(词组)～ on sth 重击(通常为可听到响声的)

　　(习)the crack of dawn 黎明、破晓

　　get up at the crack of dawn 黎明就起床

　　(习)the crack of doom 世界末日

　　To get a bus here you have to wait till the crack of doom 在这要等到世界末日才能有公共汽车。

　　(v)develop a crack or cracks 使开裂，破裂，爆裂

　　You can crack this toughened glass，but you can’t break it 这种韧化玻璃只裂不碎。

　　3、demean(vt)lower oneself in dignity，deprive oneself of other’s respect 降低自己的身份， 失去别人的尊重，贬低自己 ～ oneself

　　Don’t demean yourself by telling such obvious lies 你不要用这种明显的谎言自贬人格。

　　◎ demeaning(adj)降低身份的，卑微的，堕落的

　　He found it very demeaning to have to work for his former employee。他觉得要为他以前的雇员工作很失身份。

　　★ degrade(vt)cause sb to be less moral and less deserving of respect 贬低某人，降低某人的 身份，使某人丢脸

　　I felt degrade by having to ask for money。我出于无奈向别人要钱而自觉有失尊严

　　4、foster(vt)help the growth or development of sth;encourage or promote 培养，培育某物; 鼓励，促进

　　foster the growth of local industries 扶植地方工业

　　(v)照顾，抚养(法律上不属于自己的孩子)，领养，收养

　　People who cannot have a baby of their own sometimes foster a child。不能生育 的人有时领养别人的孩子。

　　★ nurse(v)take care of the sick or injured;look after 看护、护理(病人或受伤者)，照顾 某人

　　My mother has been nursing for 40 years。我母亲 40 年来一直做护理工作。

　　(vt) give special care to sth;help to develop 特别照料，培养

　　nurse young plants 培育幼苗

　　5、incentive(n) thing that encourages sb to do sth;stimulus 激励某人做某事的事物，刺激; 奖励 ～ to do sth

　　They don’t try very hard， but then there’s no incentive 他们不太卖力气，不过 却也没给他们奖励。

　　★ stimulus(n)(pl stimuli)thing that produces a reaction in living things 使生物体产生反应 之物，刺激物生长。

　　The nutrient in the soil act as a stimulus to growth 土壤中的养分能促进植物

　　(n)起鼓舞或激励作用的事物，促进因素

　　Her words of praise were a stimulus to work harder 她赞扬的话鼓舞人工作更加努力。

　　6、maze(n)(通常做单数)network of paths or hedges designed as a puzzle in which one must find one’s way 迷宫 迷魂阵

　　We got lost in Hampton Court maze。我们在汉普顿科特迷宫迷了路。

　　(n)confused collection or complicated mass of facts，etc (事情等的)错综，复杂

　　find one’s way through the maze of rules and regulations 在纷繁的规则和条例中寻找出路。

　　★ labyrinth(n) complicated network of winding passages，paths，etc through which it is difficult to find one’s way 迷宫

　　The old building was a labyrinth of dark corridors。那座古老建筑是一座长 廊纵横、光线昏暗的迷宫。

　　7、pore(v) pore over sth 钻研(某事物)，审查、审视

　　She was poring over an old map of the area。她正在仔细查阅该地区的地图。

　　(n)皮肤上的毛孔，叶子上的气孔

　　He was sweating at every pore。他汗流浃背。

　　8、rubbish(n，不可数名词)waste or worthless material 垃圾，废物

　　(n)(贬，常用作感叹用语)无聊的想法等，胡说

　　His book is a load of rubbish 他的书简直是废话连篇。

　　★ trash(n，不可数名词)material，writing etc of poor quality 拙劣的作品，材料;垃圾，废 物

　　He thinks most modern arts is trash 他认为现代艺术大都是糟粕。

　　9、speculate(vi)form opinions without having definite or complete knowledge or evidence; guess 思考，思索，推断，推测 ～ about/on./upon sth

　　I wouldn’t like to speculate on the reasons for her resignation 我不愿意猜测她辞职的原因。

　　★ meditate(vi) think deeply，esp about spiritual matters 深思，沉思，冥想(尤指精神方 面的问题)

　　I meditate in order to relax。我沉思冥想借以松弛精神。

　　10、transfix(vt)(尤用于被动语态)stick sth pointed completely through sth/sb 用某物刺穿 某人(某物) ～ sth/sb with/on sth

　　a fish transfixed with a harpoon 用鱼叉叉穿的鱼

　　(vt)(尤用于被动语态) make sb unable to move，think or speak because of fear， astonishment，etc 使某人(因恐惧，惊愕)不能动弹、思想或说话 ～ sb with sth

　　He stood staring at the ghost，transfixed with terror。他站在那里看着那个鬼，吓得不能动弹。

　　★ petrify(vt)(尤用于被动语态) make sb unable to think，move，act，etc because of fear， surprise，etc 使某人惊呆或吓呆 ～ sb with sth

　　The idea of making a speech in the public petrified him 一想到要在大庭广众面 前讲演，他就紧张的不知所措。

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