2019考研英语阅读模拟_2005年英语阅读真题解析part2

　　2019考研英语阅读大家复习的怎么样?错题率如何?不管是错多错少，考试之前都有机会提升和调整，重要的是心态保持好。多刷刷题，多总结。不少同学表示没题可刷，新东方在线建议久一点的真题也可以练练手，下面分享00-05年的阅读题给大家来刷题检验，看看得分率如何：

2005年英语阅读真题解析part2

　　Part Two

　　Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.

　　There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report: "Science never has all the answer. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions."

　　Just as on smoking, voice now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent people of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.

　　Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research — a classic case of "paralysis by analysis."

　　To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.

　　6. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that.

　　[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.

　　[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant

　　[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life

　　[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense

　　7. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as

　　[A] a protector.　　　[B] a judge　　　[C] a critic　 　 [D] a guide

　　8. What does the author mean by "paralysis by analysis" (Last line, Paragraph 4)?

　　[A] Endless studies kill action.　　　　[B] Careful investigation reveals truth

　　[C] Prudent planning hinders progress　　　[D] Extensive research helps decision-making

　　9. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?

　　[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants　　　[B] Raise public awareness of conservation

　　[C] Press for further scientific research　　　　[D] Take some legislative measures

　　0. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because

　　[A] they both suffered from the government's negligence.

　　[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.

　　[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.

　　[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse.

　　Unit12(2005)　　 Part 2

　　重点词汇：

　　1.　inconclusive (非结论性的，不确定的) 即in+con一起+clus=close,shut关闭+ive。 Inconclusive evidence 无效的证据

　　2.　lobby 　(门厅，接待室;向[议员等]进行游说[或疏通]) the antinuclear lobby are becoming stronger.向议员游说的反核群众声势渐涨parallel  (类似的事物，平行线)para并排。 A parallel circuit 并联电路 There are curious parallels between medicine and low.医学和法律之间有着奇特的相似之处

　　3.　pour　  (倾泻，涌出;倒) Summerpours warm sunlight into the valley.夏日炙热的阳光泻进山谷 peports of new successs keep pouring.捷报频传 It never rains but its pours. 不下则以，一下就大雨倾盆。[喻]祸不单行。

　　4.　prudent　(审慎的，谨慎的)即p不+rude粗鲁的+ent形容词后缀→不粗即细也。be modest and prudent 谦虚谨慎 the prudent us of resources 资源的节约使用 反义词：imprudent paralysis (瘫痪)para=beside,alongside旁，侧。infantile paralysis 小儿麻痹症 a paralysis of trade 贸易停顿参见2003年Text 2。

　　5.　Steward　 (管家，管事;服务员，乘务员) an air stewardess 空中小姐

　　6.　legislative　(立法的) 看作leg词根“法律”(参allegation宣称，2003年Text 2)+is是+lat(e) 迟的+ion名词后缀→法律是迟的→所以要不断“立法”与事俱进哦  。 Legislative reform is long overdue. 立法方面的改革早该进行。

　　7.　initiative　(主动的行动，首创精神)an initiative proposal 初步提议 a man who lacks the initiative to be a leader. 缺乏当领导人应具备的主动精神　It’s up to this country to take the initiative in banning nuclear weapons. 这个国家应该主动提出禁止核武器

　　8.　crucial　 (至关重要的，决定性的)

　　难句解析：

　　① Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?

　　这里有三个问句，第一个问句的主干是Do you remember all those years…,后面的when引导的定语从句修饰前面的名词years,定语从句由but连接的两个句子组成;的二个问句和第三个问句各自句首的that都引导一个宾语从句，都承第一个问句省略了主句Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted…;the science uncertain 承前省略了was。

　　通过结构分析我们知道这几个句子都是围绕第一个问句的主干部分展开的并列疑问句，因此我们则在阅读中应弄清楚句子的层次，逐一分析。

　　② The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.

　　本句的主干是The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences…，过去分词短语enlisted by the White Hourse作后置定语，修饰前面的名词panel;不定式短语to tell us that…也做名词panel的定语，其中tell后面接两个以that引导的并列宾语从句。

　　③ But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”

　　本句包含and连接的两个并列分句，其中第一个分句中的does表示强调;第二个分句中的it是形式主语，critical后面引导的从句是真正的主语;在主语从句中，judgment后面的介词结构concerning…也修饰judgments,作定语。

　　④ Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。

　　本句的主干是voices now come from many quarters…;现在分词短语insisting… 作伴随状语，insiting后面接了两个以that引导的宾语从句，其中第二个宾语从句还包含以until引导的时间状语从句。

　　⑤ Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.

　　Instead of 表示否定;破折号后面的部分不是修饰前面的名词research,而是说明前面的整个句子。Paralysis analysis 的意思是“研究导致瘫痪”，就是无休止的研究一件事，致使最终没有任何行动。

　　试题解析：

　　这是一篇选自Newsweek的关于环保的时事类文章， 也是运用了类比的写作手法，作者讲抽烟的目的是为了说明现在的温室效应：许多人抽烟没有人去管，因为缺乏足够的证据,咱们各国政府也不管温室效应, 也是同样的原因。文章中心讲述世界各个政府对温室效应的解决的态度，篇章的围绕“证据不足”、“科学意义”、“制定法律”这样三个关键词展开。

　　6. 【正确答案】[C]

　　这是一道细节题 。题干问：“支持吸烟的人所做的辩论是 ……”。 依据第一段第三句,作者提出了支持吸烟者的各种论调。在论调之中有选项[C]“人们有选择自己的生活方式的自由”的思想。选项[A]“没有科学证据证明吸烟与死亡之间的因果关系”太绝对化。选项[B]“在过去几十年里吸烟者早死的人数不多”，和选项[D]“反对吸烟的人们总是讲些无聊的话”，两个选项是原文片语表达断章取义的表述，并不吻合与原文的信息。

　　7. 【正确答案】 [D]

　　这是一道细节题，问：在Alberts看来，科学可以用作(serve as)什么?依据第二段末“But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future”可知答案为D(指导)。B干扰很强，但文章只是说科学可以为决策提供判断依据，而不是说科学可以用作为a judge(法官，裁判)。选项[A]“保护者”、选项[C]“批判家”代入原文无法构成意义和逻辑上的一致性和连贯性。

　　8. 【正确答案】 [A]

　　这是一道词义题。题干问：“作者在第四自然段最后一行所使用的”paralysis by analysis“含义是什么?” 本题考察的仍然是句群含义的归纳能力。解读原文可以看出作者在第3、4两个自然段之间探讨的是继续研究还是马上行动的问题。根据篇章的一致性，该表达的最可能含义是选项[A]“无休止研究耽误了行动”的内容。[B]选项“仔细的调查反映出了事实”，选项[C]“谨慎的计划阻碍了进步”和选项[D]“广泛的研究帮助制定决策”，其实三个错误选项是原文片语表达断章取义的表述。

　　9. 【正确答案】 [D]

　　本题是一道作者观点态度题。题干问：“根据作者，关于全球变暖政府应该做些什么?” 注意题干询问的是政府应该采取的措施。本题可以定位在最后一个自然段。分析原文可知，作者反复强调“legislative”，“bill”等概念。政府应该做的是“采取立法措施”，即选项[D]的内容。其实就政府的措施问题在上文就已经有所暗示，如政府的“policies”等概念。[A]选项“提供援助建立更干净的发电厂”和选项[B]“引起公众的环保意识”为原文片语表达断章取义的表述。而选项[C]“加强进一步的科学研究”是作者反对的观点。

　　10. 【正确答案】[B]

　　本题涉及第一段与文章主题之间的语义关系。作者第一段说吸烟的危害以及人们的漠然，无非是说明情况也存在于温室效应问题(第二段开头)，所以[B]“后者(吸烟)的教训也适用于前者(温室)”为正确答案。考生要细心理解选项的意思，再对比原文的含义。[A]选项“两者都受到了政府的忽略”错误，根据原文政府忽略的是前者。选项[C]“后者的结果加重了前者”没有必然的关系。选项[D]“两者都从坏变得更坏”不是作者谈论这两个话题的主要目的。

　　全文翻译：

　　还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗?还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，科学也不确定的时候吗?还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗?许多美国人相信了这些胡言乱语，在三十多年中，差不多有一千万烟民早早的进了坟墓。

　　现在出现了与吸烟类似的令人感到难过的事情。科学家们前仆后继，试图使我们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁。最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。明确的信息表明是我们应该立刻着手保护自己。国家科学院院长Bruce Alberts在专家团报告的前言中加上了这一重要观点：“科学解答不了所有问题。但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。

　　就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断的排放气体。这是一个危险的游戏;到了有百分之百的证据的时候，可能就太晚了。随着风险越来越明显，并且不断增加，一个谨慎的民族现在应该准备一份保单了。

　　幸运的是，白宫开始关注这件事了。但是显然大多数总统顾问并没有认真看待全球气候变暖这个问题。他们没有出台行动计划，相反只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究――这是一个经典的“分析导致麻痹案例”。

　　为了成为地球上有责任心的一员，我们必须积极推进对于大气和海洋的深入研究。但只有研究是不够的。如果政府不争取立法上的主动权，国会就应该帮助政府开始采取保护措施。弗吉尼亚的民主党议员Robert Byrd提出一项议案，从经济上激励私企，就是一个良好的开端。许多人看到这个国家正准备修建许多新的发电厂，以满足我们的能源需求。如果我们准备保护大气，关键要让这些新发电厂对环境无害。

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