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2019考研英语阅读模拟_2005年英语阅读真题解析part4

2018-09-30 12:01:04来源:网络

  2019考研英语阅读大家复习的怎么样?错题率如何?不管是错多错少,考试之前都有机会提升和调整,重要的是心态保持好。多刷刷题,多总结。不少同学表示没题可刷,新东方在线建议久一点的真题也可以练练手,下面分享00-05年的阅读题给大家来刷题检验,看看得分率如何:

2005年英语阅读真题解析part4

  Part Four

  Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of language and Music and why We should, Like, Care, John Mcwhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, see the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.

  Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr Mcwhorter's academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom", for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss the case-endings of Old English.

  But the cult of the authentic and the personal, "doing our own thing," has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960's even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.

  Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. Mcwhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive — there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas, He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.

  Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. Mcwhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical educational reforms — he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English "on paper plates instead of china" A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.

  16. According to Mcwhorter, the decline of formal English

  [A] is inevitable in radical education reforms

  [B] is but all too natural in language development

  [C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture

  [D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s

  17. The word "talking" (Line 6, Paragraph 3)denotes

  [A] modesty    [B] personality   [C] liveliness   [D] informality

  18. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?

  [A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.

  [B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.

  [C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.

  [D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.

  19. The description of Russians' love of memorizing poetry shows the author's

  [A] interest in their language.     [B] appreciation of their efforts.

  [C] admiration for their memory.    [D] contempt for their old-fashionedness.

  20. According to the last paragraph, "paper plates" is to "china" as

  [A] "temporary" is to "permanent."   [B] "radical" is to "conservative"

  [C] "functional" is to "artistic"    [D] "humble" is to "noble"

  Unit12 (2005)   Part 4

  重点词汇:

  1. degradation(恶化,退化)即de向下+grad=step级,步+ation名词后缀→逐步向下→退化。Ageing is accompanyied by a slow degradation of his mental faculties. 他随年纪增长,智力逐渐衰退

  2. linguist (语言学家;通晓数国语言者)即 lingu= tongue舌头+ist→玩转舌头的人→语言学家。bilingual 两条舌头→双语者;multilingual 好多舌头→通多国语言者。She’s an excellent linguist. 她精通数国语言

  3. controversialist (善辩者,好辩者) 即 controversialist=contra反+versus转+list。 形容词:controversial 有争议的

  4. conservative  (保守的)Old people tend to be conservation in their attitudes. 老年人的看法往往保守Conservative Party (英国)保守党 [联想记忆] moderate 温和的 radical 激进的

  5. counter-culture (反正统文化) 指1960~70年代美国青年中形成的一种文化思潮,表现为反传统生活方式和道德观念

  6. case-ending 词格尾缀 case 指语法中的格

  7. elevated(高雅的,高尚的) an evelvated highway 高架路 elevated thoughts 崇高的理想 动词:elevate 提高

  8. genre ([文学艺术等的] 类型,流派) The novel and short story are different genres.长篇小说和短篇故事是不同的类别

  9. spontaneity (自然,自发[动作])形容词:spontaneous 自然的,自发的 a spontaneous gaiety of manner 天真愉快的神态 The eruption of a volcano is spontaneous. 火山爆发是自发的

  10. illustrate (举例说明) 即 il=on+lustr=bright 光明 + ate(v.)→进入光明→说明。A well- illustrated magazine.有精美插画的杂志 To illustrate my point,I have done a comparative anyalysis.为说明我的观点,我作了对比分析

  11. chunk (相当数量) I’ve completed a fair chunk of my article. 我已经把文章的一大部分写完了

  12. elaborate (精心制作的:详述)即e+labor劳动+ate→劳动出来→精工细作。an elaborate plot 精心策划的阴谋 You understand the situation; I needn’t elaborate any further. 你了解形势,我无需赘述

  13. grieve over (对…感到伤感、悲痛)grav,grief=heary沉重,忧愁。 It’s no use grieving over past errors. 为以往的错误懊悔于事无补

  难句解析:

  ① In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing:The Degradation of language and Music and why we should like, care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.

  该句子的主干是John McWhorte sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline。主语前的介词短语in his latest book做状语,book后有一个较长的书名充当其同位语。主语和谓语之间为主语的同位语,对主语补充说明。

  本句的难点是对两个同位语的把握。

  ② Mr.McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom” ,for example, to be natural and no more regranttable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.

  本句是一个并列句,包含两个以and连接的分句,其中第二个分句比较复杂:宾语是the gradual disappearance of “whom”,后面是插入语for example, 接着是to be natural and no more regranttable,这一部分作上述宾语的补足语,最后是比较结构no more… than(象…一样不…)。

  ③ While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.

  句首的连词while表示“虽然”,两个even都表示让步,同时加强了前后两部分的对比;since then 意思是“从那以后”,then指的是the 1960s。

  本句的难点是对连词以及时间副词的理解。

  ④As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas

  该句子的主干是he acknowledges that all varieties can be expressive,谓语acknowledges后面是that引导的宾语从句。从句中主谓之间插入了介词短语including non-standard ones like Black English。破折号后面分句对前面话语进行补充说明。

  本句是个典型的长难句,结构比较复杂。阅读这种句子的正确方法是:从前向后,抓住独立的谓语部分从而区分出主句和分词状语,再根据从句的连接词区分主句和从句,层层理解,插入语在哪个层次就放在哪个层次当中理解。

  试题解析:

  本文是一篇书评,选自The Economist ,这篇文章从语言史以及语言和社会文化关系的角度来探讨究竟什么导致了英语的衰败以及非正式英语大行其道的必然性。在文章的结尾处作者对这一无可避免的时代趋势流露出了些许的哀叹。

  16. 【正确答案】 [B]

  这是一道细节题。题干问:“根据McWhorter,正式英语的衰落 ……”。 本题可以定位在第2自然段,归纳该段的话题可知,该语言学家强调“语言的变化是自然的”,选项[B]正确。其实,在全文的最后一句又呼应了这一观点。选项[A]“在教育的根本改革中是不可避免的”,选项[C]“导致了关于反正统文化的争论”和选项[D]“引起了在20世纪60年代大众态度的改变”,三个选项是原文片语表达断章取义的表述。

  17. 【正确答案】 [D]

  这是一道词义题。题干问:“单词”talking“(第三自然段第六行)的意思是 ……”。 本题考察的仍然是句群含义的归纳能力。解读原文第3段可以看出作者谈论的主要话题为英语语体的变化问题,所以选项[D]“非正式”是“talking”一词的内涵。其实,作者本文谈论的中心就是英语语言语体的非正式变化趋势的问题。选项[A]“适度”,选项[B]“个性”和选项[C]“生动”,三个选项的干扰性都比较强,由于三个选项中都包含原文强调的重要概念。但是如果代入原文无法在段落或更高的层次上构成意义和逻辑上的一致性和连贯性。

  18. 【正确答案】 [A]

  这是一道细节题,问Mr. McWhorter的看法,准确理解第三段末句便能确定答案为选项[A]“逻辑思维与我们谈话的方式没有必然的联系”正确。选项[B]“黑人英语比标准英语有更强的表达力”,选项[C]“所有非标准的人类语言仅仅是娱乐性的”和选项[D]“在所有变体中,标准英语是最能表达复杂思想的”,三个选项是原文片语表达断章取义的表述,或者不是该语言学家的观点。

  19【正确答案】. [B]

  这是一道细节题。题干问:“文中提到俄国人喜欢背诵诗歌,目的是为了说明作者 ……”。本题考察考生对作者写作目的的把握,在第5自然段中作者提到了俄国人和意大利人对正式用语的强调,并认为他们的语言是“something beautiful”。选项[B]“欣赏他们的努力”是正确的。[A]“对他们的语言感兴趣”,选项[C]“羡慕他们的记忆力”和选项[D]“蔑视他们的守旧”,三个选项是原文片语表达断章取义的表述,或者不是该语言学家提及此例证的目的。

  20. 【正确答案】[C]

  这是一道词义类比题,问文章中“paper plates(纸碟子)”之于“china(瓷碟子)”的关系犹如“什么”于“什么”之间的关系。理解文章,尤其末段末三句可知,纸碟强调的是实用,一次性功用,而瓷碟不仅实用而且具有艺术美,C“功用性”与“艺术性”两者的语义关系与它们对应齐整,故为正确答案。A“临时”“永久”;B“激进”“保守”;D“谦逊”“高尚”都是干扰项,应排除。

  全文翻译:

  美国人已不再期待公众人物在演讲或写作中能运用技巧和文采来驾驭英语,而公众人物自己也不渴望这样。语言学家麦荷特喜好争论,他的观点混杂着自由派与保守派的看法。在他最近的书《做我们自己的事:语言和音乐的退化,以及为什么我们应该喜欢或在意?》中,这位学者认为60年代反文化运动的胜利要对正式英语的退化负责。

  责备放纵的六十年代不是什么新鲜事,但这次算不上是对教育衰落的又一场批判。麦荷特先生的学术专长在于语言史和语言演变。举例来说,他认为“whom”一词的逐渐消失是自然的,并不比古英语中词格尾缀的消失更让人惋惜。

  然而,“做自己的事”这一对事务真实性和个人性的崇高信条,已经导致了正式演讲、写作、诗歌及音乐的消亡。在20世纪60年代以前,仅受过一般教育的人在下笔时都会寻求一种更高雅的强调;而那之后,即使是最受关注的文章也开始逮住口语就写在纸面上。同样的,对于诗歌来说,非常个性化和富有表现力的创作风格成为了能够表达真实生动含义的唯一形式。无论作为口语还是书面语的英语,随意言谈胜过雅致的言辞,自我发挥也压过了精心准备。

  麦荷特显示先生从上层和下层文化中列举了一系列有趣的例子,从而说明他记录的这种趋势是确凿无误的。但就书中副标题中的疑问:为什么我们应该、喜欢或在意,答案却不够明确。作为语言学家,麦荷特认为各种各样的人类语言,包括像黑人语言这样的非标准语言,都具有强大的表达力――世上没有传达不了复杂思想的语言或方言。不像其他大多数人,麦荷特先生并不认为我们说话方式不再规范就会使我们不能够准确的思考。

  俄罗斯人深爱自己的语言,并在脑海中存储了大量诗歌;而意大利的政客们往往精心准备演讲,即使这在大多数讲英语的人们眼里已经过时。麦荷特先生认为正式语言并非不可或缺,也没有提出要进行彻底的教育改革――他其实只是为那些美好事务而不是实用品的消逝而哀叹。我们现在用“纸盘子”而非“瓷盘子”装着我们的英语大餐。真是惭愧啊,但很可能已无法避免。

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