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2019考研MTI语言学·第一部分·语言与语言学(一)

2018-11-28 14:42:43来源:网络

  以下是新东方在线为大家整理的“2019考研MTI语言学·第一部分·语言与语言学(一)”的相关内容,希望对考研的同学有所帮助,一起来看看吧!  1.Language

  1) The Definition of language

  Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. This definition has captured the

  main features of language, i. e. human-specific, vocal, arbitrary, symbolic, systematic.

  1.语言

  1) 语言的定义

  语言是人类用以口头交流的任意的符号系统。该定义包含五个要素:人类的、口头的、任意的、符号的、系统的。

  ① Human-specific: Language is different from the communication systems of other forms of life possess, e.g. bird songs, bee dances, animal cries.

  ①人类的:语言不同于其他生命所拥有的交流系统,例如:鸟儿的歌唱,蜜蜂的舞蹈,动物的叫声。

  ② Vocal: The primary medium is sound for all languages; writing system came much later than spoken form.

  ②口头的:对所有语言而言,声音是最主要的媒介;书写系统晚于口头形式出现。

  ③ Arbitrary: There is no intrinsic connection between the word and the thing it denotes, e. g. “pen” by any other name is the thing we use to write with.

  ③任意的:单词与其所指事物没有内在联系,例:“钢笔”不管叫什么名字都是指我们书写用的笔。

  ④ Symbolic: Words are associated with objects, actions and ideas by convention. “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.”-Shakespeare

  ④符号的:单词与其所指物体、行为以及想法的联系是约定俗成的。“玫瑰不叫玫瑰,依然芳香如故。”—莎士比亚。

  ⑤ Systematic: Language is rule-governed; elements in it are arranged according to certain rules and can’t be combined at will. E.g. * bkli, * I apple eat are incorrect.

  ⑤系统的:语言是受规则支配的,语言要素根据某种规则排列,不可随意组合,例:bkli, I apple eat.是错误的。


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