2019考研英语一阅读解析21-25

　　新东方在线考研频道考后发布2019考研英语一阅读解析21-25，多个名师团队深度解析真题变化、分析答案要点，帮助考生做好考后估分、迎战复试调剂! 更多2019考研英语答案、考研数学答案、考研政治答案、西医综合答案、中医综合答案等请关注【2019考研真题答案及解析】专题!《2020考研新生手册》等你来拿！

2019考研英语一阅读解析21-25

　　Text 1

　　Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision making, not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.

　　“Short-termism,” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.

　　The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism.”

　　In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information at the speed of Twitter, and thus shorter attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.

　　In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.

　　Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.

　　Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.

　　【文章概览】

　　文节选自基督教科学箴言报(Christian Science Monitor)，本文是对于银行业及公司的长期盈利主义(long-termism)的描述。文章开篇提出文章主旨，通过对比短期盈利主义(short-termism)和长期盈利主义的优劣展开文章。

　　【真题解析】

　　21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the_【细节题】

　　正确答案：A. enhance banker’s sense of responsibility

　　解题思路：考查点——词汇的同义替换。根据题干可迅速定位至文章第一段The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions.其中正确答案sense of responsibility(责任感)是原文中accountable(有责任的)的同义替换。

　　22.Afred Marshall is quoted to indicate_【例证题】

　　正确答案：D. “short-termism” in economic activities

　　解题思路：考查点——论点与论据的关系。根据题干关键词Alfred Marshall可迅速定位至文章第二段。其中被引用的部分出现在段落中段，因此优先向上文寻找观点句：“Short-termism,” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies. 选项D为观点句的同义改写。本题的解题思路与我们上课时讲的例证题解题思路完全一致。

　　23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be_【细节题】

　　正确答案：B. adverse

　　解题思路：考查点——词汇的同义替换。根据题干关键词Transient investors可迅速定位至文章第三段。Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty.由hinder(阻碍)一词可知，作者认为Transient investors(短期投资者)会对商业产生不良的影响，因此应选择adverse(不利的)。

　　24. The US and France Examples are used to illustrate_【例证题】

　　正确答案：C. the approaches to promoting “long-termism”

　　解题思路：考查点——论点与论据的关系。根据题干关键词可定位至文章的五、六两端。文章列举美国与法国的事例是为了证明作者的观点，因此本题应从服从主旨的角度出发，选择与文章主旨一致的选项。且Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,”表明二者的行为都是为了encourage “long-termism,”(鼓励长期盈利主义)。

　　25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?【主旨题】

　　正确答案：B. patience as a corporate virtue

　　解题思路：考查点——文章主旨。本文开篇即点明文章中心——推崇“long-termism”，因此正确选项应包含该词或其同义替换的词汇。B选项中patience(耐心)与长期盈利主义意义接近。

19考生对答案估分，

20考生看解析做规划，

2019考研真题解析专题报道

2020考研开挂抢跑

聚焦高频考点