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2020考研英语语法大全之【不定式作状语】

2019-04-23 11:59:17来源:网络

  本文讲解考研英语语法之【不定式作状语】。语法是英语学习的基础,语法大关不过,阅读、完型、翻译和写作都会有难度,就别提过线和拿高分了。所以说,基础阶段,语法基础要打好。请关注新东方在线2020考研英语语法大全系列文章,我们一起来梳理考研英语所需的基础语法和重点语法:

不定式作状语

  不定式短语作状语,表示目的、原因、结果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。

  (1)表示目的。如:

  We waved flags, beat drums and blew bugles to encourage the players. 我们摇旗擂鼓吹号,来鼓励运动员。

  They went to the U.S.A. not to study English but to study law and business. 他们去了美国,不是为了学英语,而是为了学法律和商务。

  为了强调,有时用in order to (为了)或so as to (以便)加动词原形,放在句首或句尾均可。例如;

  In order to improve my English, I read China Daily every day. 为了提高英语水平,我每天都看《中国日报》。

  He took a taxi so as not to miss the train. 为了不误火车,他坐了出租车。

  有些不定式习惯用语放在句首或句尾,作独立成分。例如:

  To be frank(with you), this is not satisfactory. 老实(和你)说,这不令人满意。

  To be fair, she is an honest girl. 说句公道话,她是一个诚实的姑娘。

  To tell you the truth, you are wrong.. 实话告诉你,你错了。

  这样的短语还有to tell you the truth实话告诉你,to conclude 最后, to begin with首先,to cut a long story short 简而言之,to go back to the point回到正题,not to make too much of it 别小题大做,to put it another way 换句话说,to hear him talk听他说话的口气,等等。

  (2)表示原因。例如:

  To hear him talk in that manner, you would think him a foreigner. 他这样说话,你会以为他是外国人。The old father smiled to know his success. 知道他成功的消息,那位老父亲笑了。

  不定式短语可以和表示情绪的形容词和过去分词连用,有时说明产生这种情绪的原因,有时不是说明原因,而是和形容词一起说明主语的情况。

  常见的这类形容词和过去分词有:

  able有能力的,afraid 害怕的,amazed 感到惊异的,angry生气的,anxious 急于的,astonished 感到惊讶的, careful小心的, certain有把握的,clever聪明的, comfortable舒服的,cruel残忍的,deep深的,delighted 高兴的, difficult有困难的, disappointed感到失望的,determined 有决心的,eager 急于的, easy容易的,fit 合适的,foolish 愚蠢的,fortunate 幸运的, free自由的,frightened感到害怕的,glad高兴的,good好的, happy幸福的,hard艰苦的,lucky 幸运的,overjoyed 高兴的, pleased高兴的,possible 可能的,proud 自豪的,ready 准备好的,relieved 感到轻松的,right正确的,sad悲伤的,shocked感到惊讶的, sorry难过的,sure 肯定的, surprised感到惊讶的, unable没能力的,useless没用的,willing 愿意的,worthy 值得的,wrong 错误的等。

  例如:

  He’ll be angry to hear these words. 听到这些话他会生气的。

  You’re lucky to have me as your teacher.  有我当你们老师,你们很幸运。

  He feels proud to be on the school football team.  作为校足球队队员他感到很自豪。

  Be careful not to catch cold. 小心别感冒。

  He’s anxious to go back straight to London. 他急于直接回伦敦。

  They’ll be ready to leave in about an hour.  再有大约一小时他们就准备好了。

  The new manager is easy to get along with . 新经理很容易相处。

  This river is broad, deep and good tom in.   这条河宽且深,是游泳的好地方。

  Your sofa is comfortable to sit in.  你的沙发坐上去很舒服。

  (3)不定式做结果状语只限于下面几个词:learn得知,find 发现,see 看见,hear 听见, to be told被告知,make 使得 等。only+不定式常表示出乎意料的结果。例如:

  He hurried to the airport to learn that the flight had already taken off. 他急忙赶到机场,却得知飞机已经起飞了。

  He returned home from his holiday only to find that his house had been broken into. 他休假回家,却发现他的房子被破门而入了。

  (4) 不定式还可以与“be said, be reported,…”等连用构成复合谓语。这一结构可变成“It’s said, It’s reported,…”(见被动语态部分)。如:

  An explosion is reported to have happened, and three are known to have been killed.

  = It’s reported that an explosion has happened and it’s known that three have been killed.

  据报道发生了一起爆炸,已知三人被炸死。



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