2015年考研英语语法基础：非谓语动词

　　(三)作定语。

　　不定式短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰的词之后，有些名词的后面常用不定式作定语。常见的有：ability能力，agreement一致，协议，ambition抱负、野心，anxiety焦急，attempt试图，campaign战役，chance机会，claim声称，courage勇气，decision决定，determination决心，drive努力，eagerness殷切的心情，effort努力，failure失败，hope希望，intention目的意图，motive force动力，movement运动、协议，need需要，opportunity机会，plan计划，promise诺言，readiness乐意，refusal拒绝，reluctance勉强不愿，resolution决心，tendency倾向，right权力，struggle斗争，threat威胁，time时候，way方法，willingness愿意，wish希望。

　　与这些词相对应的形容词或动词常接动词不定式。如ability →be able to, refusal →refuse to 等。

　　作定语时不定式表示将要发生的动作。

　　There is not any one to save him. 没有任何能救他的人。

　　He’s a not a man to tell lies. 他不是那种撒谎的人。

　　He’s a man to be trusted 他是个可以信赖的人。

　　He needs love to strengthen his broken heart.    他需要爱来给他那破碎的心以力量。

　　I don’t understand his idea to send his son to the Sahara. 我不明白他把儿子送到撒哈拉沙漠的想法。

　　I need to buy a box to hold my CDs.    我需要买个装CD片的盒子。

　　This visit is a good opportunity to learn Chinese. 这次访问是学习中文的好机会。

　　No investigation, no right to speak. 没有调查就没有发言权。

　　Not to speak much is the best way to avoid trouble. 不多言是避免麻烦的最好办法。

　　This is a good way to make money. 这是个赚钱的好方法。

　　We were given some bread to eat.  给了我们一些面包吃。

　　I’ve a lot of things to take care of in the office today. 今天我办公室里由于很多事情要处理。

　　Have you got a key to unlock this door?  你有开这个门的钥匙吗?

　　He needs a place to live in. 他需要有个住的地方。

　　This is not a pen to write with but to draw with. 这不是写字而是画画用的笔。

　　I have not a friend to talk with.  我没有能谈心的朋友。

　　作定语时，也可以给不定式加上主语。例如：

　　The order for the army to start has been given. 已经发出了让部队开始的命令。

　　The power for science to serve mankind is limitless.  科学为人类服务的力量是无穷的。

　　The letter for you to answer is placed on your desk..   要你回的那封信放在你办公桌上。

　　(四)作表语。放在系动词之后。

　　例如：

　　To gamble is to commit suicide, but not to get rich. 赌博就是自杀，而不是致富。

　　To criticize others is to make enemies. 批评别人就是树敌。

　　To do everything is to do nothing.   什么都做等于什么也做不成。

　　Perhaps the most popular way of relaxing is to participate in sports. 也许最受欢迎的放松方式就是参加体育活动。

　　This matter is for you to consider. 这个问题是要你考虑的。

　　These apples are for the guests to eat. 这些苹果是给客人们吃的。

　　My hope is for all members to come together once a year. 我的希望是所有成员每年聚会一次。

　　My advice is for you to apologize to her.  我的建议是你向她道歉。

　　The question is where to go for help.  问题是到哪里求助。

　　To respect others is to be respected.  尊重别人就是受到别人的尊重。

　　To see her is to love her.  见到她就会爱上她。

　　(五)不定式短语和疑问词连用(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how,还包括whether)

　　(1)做主语。

　　例如：

　　Who to turn to is what she wants to know. 找谁帮忙是她想知道的。

　　It’s problem what to do. 干什么还是个问题。

　　How to be wealthy, healthy and happy will always remain a question mark. 怎样才能富有，健康和幸福将永远是个问号。

　　(2)做表语。例如：

　　The question is which to take first. 问题是先拿哪一个。

　　What remains for you to explain is how to put the plan into practice and whose help to seek. 剩下需要你解释的是怎样实施计划以及寻求谁的帮助。

　　The question is which of the methods to adopt. 问题是采取这些方法中的哪一个。

　　(3)作宾语，常用这一结构作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide discuss, explain, forget, find out, guess, inquire, know, learn, remember, see(=understand), show, settle(=decide), tell(=know), think, understand, wonder等。

　　I’ve found out where to buy them cheaply. 我发现了在哪里买这些东西便宜。

　　Do you remember when totch off the machine? 你记得什么时候关掉机器吗?

　　I can’t tell what to do . 我说不好怎么办。

　　How can you tell which button to press? 你怎么知道按哪个按钮?

　　You know very well when to say what and how to say it. 你很清楚什么时候说什么话以及怎样说。

　　He can’t decide what time to leave or whether to leave at all.他不能决定何时离开或者到底是否离开。

　　有些双宾语及物动词，也可用这个结构做直接宾语。常用的有tell, inform, show, advise, ask, teach,等。如：

　　I showed her how to use the remote control.  我向她演示怎样使用遥控器。

　　The salesman told him whichtch to turn on first. 售货员告诉他先开哪个开关。

　　Will you advise me which to buy?   你建议我买哪个?

　　Please inform me where to get the tickets. 请告诉我到哪里去弄票。

　　(4)做定语。例句:

　　I must find a pen with which to fill in this form(=to fill in this form with). 我必须找支钢笔填表用。

　　He offered me some hot coffee with which to refresh me spirit (=to refresh me spirit with). 他给我提供了点热咖啡提提神。

　　Nobel began to seek ways in which to make the explosive safer to handle.诺贝尔开始寻找那种炸药操作起来更安全的方法。