2015考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：澳大利亚的未来

　　A flash in the pan?

　　昙花一现?

　　Australians must now decide what sort of countrythey want their children to live in. They can enjoytheir prosperity, squander what they do notconsume and wait to see what the future brings; orthey can actively set about creating the sort ofsociety that other nations envy and want toemulate. California, for many people still the state ofthe future, may hold some lessons. Its history alsoincludes a gold rush, an energy boom and thedevelopment of a thriving farm sector. It went on to reap the economic benefits of anexcellent higher-education system and the knowledge industries this spawned. If Australia is tofulfil its promise, it too will have to unlock the full potential of its citizens’ brain power.

　　澳大利亚人现在必须考虑将来让他们的孩子生活在一个什么样的国家。他们可以坐享其成、坐吃山空、听天由命;也可以着手创造出其他国家羡慕、乐于效仿的那种社会类型。对许多人而言依然意味着国家未来的加利福尼亚，或许能够提供一些经验教训。它的历史同样包括淘金热、能源热潮、农业部门的欣欣向荣。由于出色的高等教育体系和其孵化的知识产业，澳大利亚继续收获经济利益。如果澳大利亚打算实现其未来，那么它同样必须放开对其公民智慧潜能的限制。

　　Australia cannot, of course, do exactly what California did (eg, create an aerospace industry andsend the bill to the Pentagon). Nor would it want to: thanks to its addiction to ballot initiatives,Californian politics is a mess. But it could do more to develop the sort of open, dynamic andcreative society that California has epitomised, drawing waves of energetic immigrants notjust from other parts of America but from all over the world. Such societies, the ones in whichyoung and enterprising people want to live, cannot be conjured up overnight by a single agent,least of all by government. They are created by the alchemy of artists, entrepreneurs,philanthropists, civic institutions and governments coming together in the right combination atthe right moment. And for Australia, economically strong as never before, this is surely such amoment.

　　当然，澳大利亚不可能对加利福尼亚亦步亦趋(比方说，创造航空工业，然后把账单送到五角大楼)。澳大利亚也不想如此：这多亏其对投票公投的热衷，加利福尼亚的政治简直是一团糟。不过，在发展出加利福尼亚代表的那种开放的、活力十足的、有创造力的社会方面，澳大利亚还有许多功课要做。加利福尼亚不仅从美国其他地区，而且从世界各地吸收充满活力的移民。年轻人和有进取心的人想要生活其中的社会，不可能由单一的代理机构——尤其是政府——一夜之间就像变戏法式地给变出来。这种社会是由艺术家、企业家、慈善家、民间机构、政府的炼金术在合适的时间、正确的组合中同时出现而创造出来的。对澳大利亚而言，经济实力从未如此强大，现在正恰当其时。

　　Watch our video-guide to Australia's past, present and future, or listen to an interview withthe author of this Special Report

　　观看我们关于澳大利亚过去、现在和未来的视频指南，或者，听一听对这篇专业报道作者的访谈

　　What then is needed to get the alchemy going? Though government should not seek to directthe chemistry, it should create the conditions for it. That means ensuring that the economyremains open, flexible and resilient, capable, in other words, of getting through harder timeswhen the boom is over (a sovereign-wealth fund would help). It means maintaining a high rateof immigration (which started to fall two years ago). It means, above all, fostering a sense ofself-confidence among the people at large to bring about the mix of civic pride, philanthropyand financial investment that so often underpins the success of places like California.

　　那么，开动这种炼金术需要什么呢?尽管政府不应当寻求直接指导这一化学过程，它应当为其创造条件。这意味着保证经济的继续开放、灵活而富有弹性、包容性，换句话说，当发展期结束之时，还能度过困难时期。(主权财富基金将有一定帮助)这意味着维持高的移民率(两年前开始下滑)。最重要的是，还意味着在那些带来国民骄傲、慈善、金融投资的人当中培养一种普遍的自信。支撑像加利福利亚这样地方成功的，常常就是这种自信。

　　Many Australians do not seem to appreciate thatthey live in an unusually successful country.Accustomed to unbroken economic expansion—many are too young to remember recession—theyare inclined to complain about house prices, 5%unemployment or the problems that a highexchange rate causes manufacturing and severalother industries. Some Australians talk big butactually think small, and politicians may be the worstoffenders. They are often reluctant to get out infront in policymaking—on climate change, forinstance—preferring to follow what bigger countries do. In the quest for a carbon policy, boththe main parties have chopped and changed their minds, and their leaders, leaving votersdivided and bemused. There can be little doubt that if America could come to a decision on thetopic, Australia would soon follow suit.

　　许多澳大利亚人似乎并没有意识到生活在一个与众不同的成功国家。对从未间断的经济扩张习以为常——许多人太年轻，不记得衰退的事——容易抱怨房价、5%的失业率、或者高汇率导致的制造业或其他工业的问题。许多人夸夸其谈却并未做过多思考，首当其冲的就是政治家们。通常，他们极不情愿地走到台前决策——比方说，在气候变化问题上——乐于跟在大国的屁股后面。在碳(排放)政策的探索中，两个主要党派朝三暮四、朝令夕改，他们的领导人让选民们产生分歧、不知所措。毫无疑问，如果美国在议题上作出决定，澳大利亚立马跟风。

　　Its current political leaders, with notable exceptions, are perhaps the least impressive featureof today’s Australia. Just when their country has the chance to become influential in the world,they appear introverted and unable to see the big picture. Little legislation of consequencehas been passed since 2003. A labour-market reform introduced by the Liberals was partlyrepealed by Labor. A proposed tax on the mining companies was badly mishandled (also byLabor), leading to a much feebler one. All attempts at a climate-change bill have failed. Theprime minister, Labor’s Julia Gillard, admits she is unmoved by foreign policy. The leader of theopposition, Tony Abbott, takes his cue from America’s tea-party movement, by fighting acarbon tax with a “people’s revolt” in which little is heard apart from personal insults. Insteadof pointing to the great benefits of immigration—population growth is responsible for abouttwo-fifths of the increase in real GDP in the past 40 years—the two parties pander shamelesslyto xenophobic fears about asylum-seekers washing up in boats.

　　除了明显的例外，澳大利亚目前的政治领袖可能给人的印象最为深刻。当他们的国家有机会在世界上更具影响力时，他们畏手畏脚，看不到大的图景。自2003年以来，很少有立法最终得以通过。由自由党提出的劳动力市场改革部分被工党取消。对矿业公司收税的提议也被搞黄(又是工党)，导致税收政策更加无力。关于气候变化法案的尝试全部以失败告终。澳大利亚总理——工党的朱莉娅·吉拉德承认她对外交政策无动于衷。反对党领袖托尼·艾博特从美国的茶党运动中得到启示，他以“人民的反抗”为由反对碳税(提案)。所谓“人民的反抗”，除了人身侮辱之外，什么都没有。两党不是指出从移民中获取的巨大利益——在过去40年间，人口增长对实际GDP增长的贡献约为2/5——却都对仇外恐惧(担心政治庇护者把澳大利亚当做避风港)无耻迎奉。

【英语阅读资料】这里有↑↑↑