2022考研英语常用三种翻译技法：转译法

　　对于考研英语来说，考研英语翻译一直是我们在英语复习中重视的其中之一，如何做到翻译准确，完整，通顺，是唯一可以参照的标准。很多时候我们在翻译的时候都会比较热衷于原文的语序和内容。但是却往往因为原文的束缚而使得翻译无法真正的通顺起来，下面是新东方在线考研频道为大家整理的“2022考研英语常用三种翻译技法：转译法”，一起来看看吧!

　　英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点。往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。

　　例如，在He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job.(他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩)

　　英语的谓语动词只有admires一个词，其它用的是过去分词(stated)、动词派生名词(decision)、不定式(to fight)和前置词(for)等。汉语没有词形变化，但可以几个动词连用。因此，英语中不少词类(尤其是名词、前置词、形容词、副词)在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。

　　(一)名词转译成动词

　　英语中大量由动词派生的名词和具有动作意义的名词以及其他名词往往可转译成汉语动词。

　　1. 由动词派生的名词转译成动词,在政论文体中较常见

　　1) One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world.

　　发言人一个接一个表示要打倒帝国主义，要消灭人剥削人的制度，要解放世界上的被压迫人民。

　　2)Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear-arms race had foundered on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make on-site inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russia’s refusal.

　　到一九七二年为止，美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了：美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝这样做。

　　3)The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgment of Israeli’s right to exist.

　　一九六七年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。

　　4)Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.

　　火箭已经用来探索宇宙。

　　2含有动作意味的名词(在叙述、描写文体中出现比较多)往往可以转译成动词。

　　1) The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.

　　看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别向往。

　　2) As the week drew to a close, the enemy rout was complete.一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。

　　3) A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.

　　从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。

　　4) As I taxied over the muddy steel matting of the runway, I got a wave and a grin from my wingman Lt. Rex Barber.

　　当我驾驶着飞机在泥泞的钢垫跑道上滑行时，我的僚机驾驶员雷克巴伯中尉向我边笑边挥手。

　　3.英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher,thinker等等，有时在句中并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以译成动词。

　　2) I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.

　　我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教的好。

　　3) Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings.

　　在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。

　　4) Although he was always the “background” briefer on foreign policy issues, he could never by identified as anything other than “a white house official” or “a high administration source.”

　　虽然外交问题的背景情况总是由他介绍，但他仍只能称为是一位白宫官员或一位政府高级人士。

　　上例中的teacher, forgiver, briefer如直译为“教师”，“宽恕者”，“汇报者”，既不符合原文的含义，又不符合汉语表达习惯，所以应该转换成动词。但She is a well-known singer一句中的”singer”确实是指她的职业，所以只能译成名词：“她是一位著名的歌唱家”。而Some of my class-mates are good singers,这句中的singers显然不是指他们的职业，所以应该译成动词：我们班同学中有些人唱歌唱得很好。

　　4.作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译成动词，如To have a rest和To have a good look at里的rest和look。

　　1) They took a final look at Iron Mike, still intact in the darkness.

　　他们最后看了铁迈克一眼——它依旧安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。

　　2) The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.

　　下一个新闻节目比通常短，没有提到游行。

　　3) A great cloud rose from the ground and followed the trail of the great sun. At first it was a giant column, which soon took the shape of a supramundane mushroom. For a fleeting instant it took the form of the Statue of Liberty magnified many times.

　　一朵庞大的烟云随着一轮巨日从地面升起。它起初是个巨大的圆柱，很大形成了凌云驾空的大蘑菇，一瞬间又变成了一座扩大了许多倍的自由神像。

　　(二)前置词转译成动词

　　英语中前置词是用的相当多的，其中有些没有动作意味而仅表示时间、地点的前置词，汉译时往往可以省略。但有很多含有动作意味的前置词，如across,past,toward等等，汉译时往往可以译成动词。

　　1. Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves,by dim lamps.

　　党员干部吃简陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。

　　2.“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.”“来啦!”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。

　　3.I barreled straight ahead, across the harbour and out over the sea.

　　我笔直地向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。

　　4.Carlisle Street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat-markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.

　　卡列斯尔大街往西伸展，越过一座黑色大桥，爬下山岗又爬了上去，经过许多小铺和肉市，又经过一些平方，然后突然冲着一大片绿色草地终止了。

　　(三)形容词可以转译成动词

　　英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在联系动词作表语时，往往可转译成汉语动词。常见的这类形容词有：confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious, grateful, able等。

　　1.Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.

　　医生说他们不敢肯定能否就得了他的命。

　　2.The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious.

　　她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。

　　1. Naturally the Nazi soldiers were more concerned with saving their own lives than with taking ours.

　　当然，纳粹士兵救他们自己的命比起要我们的命，要关心的多了。

　　(四)副词转译成动词

　　1.As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.

　　他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。

　　2.Mr. Nixon had said repeatedly that the American war in Indochina would soon be over.

　　尼克松先生屡次声言，美国在印度支那的战争即将结束。

　　3.That day he was up before sunrise.

　　那天他在日出以前就起来了。

　　4.She opened the window to let fresh air in.

　　她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。

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